Temporal structure of open field behavior in inbred strains of mice

Makino, Junichiro; Kato, Katsunori; Maes, F.W.

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.33.145

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Animals change their behavior as they become more familiar with the situation; these intra-session changes are believed to reflect psychological changes in the animal, just as has been previously argued with regard to inter-session changes (Vadasz et al, 1992, Walsh andCummins, 1976). Makino and his colleagues performed a principal component analysis of ethological measurements of open-field behavior using four mouse strains, C57BL/6, DBA/2, C3H, and BALB/c, and demonstrated that the temporal changes in those component scores clearly differed in those strains (Makino et al, 1991). Nevertheless, most studies tend to use the summation of the frequency of each behavior in the test period as the primary index for this test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Each mouse was gently picked up by its tail with tweezers and placed in the same corner of the open-field. During the 10-min trial, their behavior was observed directly and recorded using the multi-dimensional sampling method (Makino et al, 1991). The behaviors collected included the following 12 behavioral items.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They demonstrated that the frequency and pattern of the temporal changes of each behavior (sniffing, rearing, grooming, freezing, etc. ) were strain-dependent (Crusio et al, 1989;Makino et al, 1991;Oortmerssen, 1971;Streng, 1971;Vadasz et al, 1992), and differed by sex (Gray, 1965) or context (Bindra andSpinner, 1958, Oortmerssen, 1971) in both the rat and the mouse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the test has also been widely used in mouse studies. In both cases, either via selection experiments (Broadhurst, 1960;Defries and Hegman, 1970;Hall, 1951;Makino, 1983;Ramos et al, 2003) or QTL analyses (Fernandez-Teruel et al, 2002;Flint et al, 1995;Talbot et al, 1999;Turri et al, 2001aTurri et al, , 2001bRamos et al, 1999), genetic factors have been shown to make a large contribution to phenotypic variation in various measures of open-field behavior. Recently, the reverse genetic approach, such as use of transgenic or knock out/in mice, has shown that modification of specific genes affects this behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multivariate Analysis of Temporal Descriptions of Open-field Behavior in Wild-derived Mouse Strains

Takahashi

Kato

Makino³

et al. 2006

Behav Genet

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The open-field test is a commonly used apparatus in many behavioral studies. However, in most studies, temporal changes of details of behavior have been ignored. We thus examined open-field behavior as measured by both conventional indices and 12 ethograms supported by detailed temporal observation. To obtain a broader understanding, we used genetically diverse mouse strains: 10 wild-derived mouse strains (PGN2, BFM/2, HMI, CAST/Ei, NJL, BLG2, CHD, SWN, KJR, MSM), one strain derived from the so-called fancy mouse (JFI), and one standard laboratory strain, C57BL/6. Conventional measurements revealed a variety of relationships: some strains did not show the hypothesized association between high ambulation, longer stay in the central area, and low defecation. Our ethological approach revealed that some behaviors, such as freezing and jumping, were not observed in C57BL/6 but were seen in some wild-derived strains. Principal component analysis which included temporal information indicated that these strains had varied temporal patterns of habituation to novelty.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Multivariate Analysis of Temporal Descriptions of Open-field Behavior in Wild-derived Mouse Strains

Takahashi

Kato

Makino³

et al. 2006

Behav Genet

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“…Wistar-Kyoto [31], Roman line [18], Sardinian alcohol-preferring [21]), there is only one mouse strain that has shown consistently higher levels of anxiety when compared with other strains, namely the BALB/c line. For example, Makino et al [56] demonstrated that BALB/c mice showed strong and long-lasting stretching immediately after their introduction into the open-field, while C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice never displayed such behavior. Instead, they immediately started to move around.…”

Section: Mouse Models Of 'Pathological' or 'Trait' Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring normal and pathological anxiety-like behaviour in mice: a review

Belzung

Griebel

2001

Behavioural Brain Research

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500

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Measuring anxiety-like behaviour in mice has been mostly undertaken using a few classical animal models of anxiety such as the elevated plus-maze, the light/dark choice or the open-field tests. All these procedures are based upon the exposure of subjects to unfamiliar aversive places. Anxiety can also be elicited by a range of threats such as predator exposure. Furthermore, the concepts of 'state' and 'trait' anxiety have been proposed to differentiate anxiety that the subject experiences at a particular moment of time and that is increased by the presence of an anxiogenic stimulus, and anxiety that does not vary from moment to moment and is considered to be an 'enduring feature of an individual'. Thus, when assessing the behaviour of mice, it is necessary to increase the range of behavioural paradigms used, including animal models of 'state' and 'trait' anxiety. In the last few years, many mice with targeted mutations have been generated. Among them some have been proposed as animal models of pathological anxiety, since they display high level of anxiety-related behaviours in classical tests. However, it is important to emphasise that such mice are animal models of a single gene dysfunction, rather than models of anxiety, per se. Inbred strains of mice, such as the BALB/c line, which exhibits spontaneously elevated anxiety appear to be a more suitable model of pathological anxiety.

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