Temporal predictions provided by musical rhythm influence visual memory encoding

Johndro, Hunter; Jacobs, Lauren Y; Patel, Aniruddh D.; Race, Elizabeth

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.102923

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…More recently, there has been growing interest in the influence of environmental rhythms on higher-order cognitive processes such as memory formation [5][6][7][8]. In a series of studies, Johndro and colleagues found that the timing of individual events within a rhythmic temporal stream influenced memory formation [9]. Specifically, stimuli presented in alignment with the timing of a background rhythm (on-beat) were better remembered in subsequent tests of memory than stimuli presented out-of-alignment (off-beat).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental rhythms orchestrate neural activity at multiple stages of processing during memory encoding: Evidence from event-related potentials

et al. 2020

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Accumulating evidence suggests that rhythmic temporal structures in the environment influence memory formation. For example, stimuli that appear in synchrony with the beat of background, environmental rhythms are better remembered than stimuli that appear out-of-synchrony with the beat. This rhythmic modulation of memory has been linked to entrained neural oscillations which are proposed to act as a mechanism of selective attention that prioritize processing of events that coincide with the beat. However, it is currently unclear whether rhythm influences memory formation by influencing early (sensory) or late (post-perceptual) processing of stimuli. The current study used stimulus-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the locus of stimulus processing at which rhythm temporal cues operate in the service of memory formation. Participants viewed a series of visual objects that either appeared in-synchrony or out-of-synchrony with the beat of background music and made a semantic classification (living/non-living) for each object. Participants’ memory for the objects was then tested (in silence). The timing of stimulus presentation during encoding (in-synchrony or out-of-synchrony with the background beat) influenced later ERPs associated with post-perceptual selection and orienting attention in time rather than earlier ERPs associated with sensory processing. The magnitude of post-perceptual ERPs also differed according to whether or not participants demonstrated a mnemonic benefit for in-synchrony compared to out-of-synchrony stimuli, and was related to the magnitude of the rhythmic modulation of memory performance across participants. These results support two prominent theories in the field, the Dynamic Attending Theory and the Oscillation Selection Hypothesis, which propose that neural responses to rhythm act as a core mechanism of selective attention that optimize processing at specific moments in time. Furthermore, they reveal that in addition to acting as a mechanism of early attentional selection, rhythm influences later, post-perceptual cognitive processes as events are transformed into memory.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental rhythms orchestrate neural activity at multiple stages of processing during memory encoding: Evidence from event-related potentials

et al. 2020

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“…During EEG recording, participants incidentally 127 encoded visual stimuli that appeared either in synchrony (on-beat) or out-of-synchrony (off-beat) 128 with a background, auditory rhythm. Previously, we demonstrated that while participants 129 generally demonstrate superior subsequent memory for visual stimuli that appear on-beat 130 compared to off-beat at encoding, there is substantial individual variability in the effect of 131 rhythm on memory performance [8,22]. Importantly, while some individuals demonstrate 132 superior subsequent memory for on-beat compared to off-beat stimuli, others do not, and this 133 variability in the rhythmic modulation of memory is closely linked to individual differences in 134 the fidelity by which external rhythms are represented in the brain (neural entrainment).…”

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confidence: 96%

“…In this study, participants incidentally encoded a series of visual 55 objects while passively listening to background, instrumental music with a steady beat. Like the 56 prior behavioral study by Johndro and colleagues, objects either appeared in-synchrony or out-57 of-synchrony with the background beat [8]. Participants were then given a surprise subsequent 58 memory test (in silence).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…More 28 recently, there has been growing interest in how environmental rhythms influence higher-order 29 cognitive processes such as memory formation [4][5][6][7]. In a series of studies, Johndro and 30 colleagues found that the timing of individual events within a rhythmic temporal stream 31 influenced memory formation [8]. Specifically, stimuli presented in alignment with the timing 32 of a background rhythm (on-beat) were better remembered in subsequent tests of memory than 33 stimuli presented out-of-alignment (off-beat).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…228 separately for on-beat and off-beat stimuli to calculate a measure of d-prime (d') for each 229 condition (on-beat, off-beat). Analysis of memory performance was collapsed over confidence 230 ratings to increase power and to replicate prior work [8,22]. Trials that were inaccurately 231 responded to during encoding or trials with a reaction time >2SD from the mean during encoding 232 were excluded from the analysis.…”

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Environmental rhythms orchestrate neural activity at multiple stages of processing during memory encoding: Evidence from event-related potentials

Hickey

Barnett-Young

Patel

et al. 2020

Preprint

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2 Accumulating evidence suggests that rhythmic temporal structures in the environment influence 3 memory formation. For example, stimuli that appear in synchrony with the beat of background, 4 environmental rhythms are better remembered than stimuli that appear out-of-synchrony with the 5 beat. This rhythmic modulation of memory has been linked to entrained neural oscillations which 6 are proposed to act as a mechanism of selective attention by amplifying early sensory responses 7 to events that coincide with the beat. The current study aimed to further test this hypothesis by 8 using event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the locus of stimulus processing at which 9 rhythm temporal cues operate in the service of memory formation. Participants incidentally 10 encoded a series of visual objects while passively listening to background, instrumental music 11 with a steady beat. Objects either appeared in-synchrony or out-of-synchrony with the 12 background beat. Participants were then given a surprise subsequent memory test (in silence).13 The timing of stimulus presentation during encoding (in-synchrony or out-of-synchrony with the 14 background beat) influenced canonical ERPs associated with post-perceptual selection and 15 orienting attention in time. Importantly, post-perceptual ERPs also differed according to whether 16 or not participants demonstrated a mnemonic benefit for in-synchrony compared to out-of-17 synchrony stimuli, and were related to the magnitude of the rhythmic modulation of memory 18 across participants. These results support two prominent theories in the field, the Dynamic 19 Attending Theory and the Oscillation Selection Hypothesis, which propose that neural responses 20 to rhythm act as a core mechanism of selective attention that optimize processing at specific 21 moments in time. Furthermore, they reveal that in addition to acting as a mechanism of early 22 attentional selection, rhythm influences later, post-perceptual cognitive processes as events are 23 transformed into memory.3 24 Introduction 25Rhythmic temporal cues abound in our environment. A large body of research has 26 demonstrated that exposure to environmental rhythms influences perception and action by 27 enhancing processing at specific moments of time that align with the rhythmic beat [1-3]. More 28 recently, there has been growing interest in how environmental rhythms influence higher-order 29 cognitive processes such as memory formation [4][5][6][7]. In a series of studies, Johndro and 30 colleagues found that the timing of individual events within a rhythmic temporal stream 31 influenced memory formation [8]. Specifically, stimuli presented in alignment with the timing 32 of a background rhythm (on-beat) were better remembered in subsequent tests of memory than 33 stimuli presented out-of-alignment (off-beat). This rhythmic modulation of memory (RMM) 34 occurred even when rhythmic temporal cues were task-irrelevant and presented in a different 35 modality (auditory) than the target stimuli (visual), suggesting tha...

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Null effects of temporal prediction on recognition memory but evidence for differential neural activity at encoding. A registered report

Jones,

Silas,

Anderson

et al. 2023

Cortex

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Temporal predictions provided by musical rhythm influence visual memory encoding

Cited by 14 publications

References 83 publications

Environmental rhythms orchestrate neural activity at multiple stages of processing during memory encoding: Evidence from event-related potentials

Environmental rhythms orchestrate neural activity at multiple stages of processing during memory encoding: Evidence from event-related potentials

Environmental rhythms orchestrate neural activity at multiple stages of processing during memory encoding: Evidence from event-related potentials

Null effects of temporal prediction on recognition memory but evidence for differential neural activity at encoding. A registered report

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