Temporal evolution of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticide residues in wells in the Akkar Region (Lebanon)

Abstract

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Review of scientific literature on available methods of assessing organochlorine pesticides in the environment

“…Hydrogen was used as a carrier at 1.0 mL min-1” [ 81 ] Water wells 20 0.02–0.74 0.05–2.46 GC-MS: “the initial temperature of 90 °C (hold 1.3 min), increased to 125 °C at 15 °C/min, 165 °C at 5 °C/min, 195 °C at 2.5 °C/min, and finally, it was increased to 280 °C at 20 °C/min (hold for 4 min)”. RT 18.38–30.59 [ 107 ] farmland, river, and fishpond water 4 0.46–0.97 nM a 90.20–109.4 4.23 GC-MS [ 36 ] Seawater 10 0.0001–0.0004 Standard spike:20–115; surrogate: 66-84 GC-MS/GC-ECD [ 35 ] Seawater and sediment 50 1 × 10 −5 –5.6 × 10 −4 (seawater) 0.01–1.04 (sediment) 69.5–118.2; 75.2–120.4 9.5 (water); 8 (sediment) GC-MS [ 108 ] Surface water and Sediment 18 Water: 9 × 10 −6 -2.5 × 10 −4 ; sediment: 0.018–0.500 Water: 690–122; Sediment: 77-108 GC-MS/MS: Splitless. “the GC temperature programs were as follows: 40 °C for 1 min; 40 °C–120 °C (40 °C min −1 ), held for 0 min; 120 °C–240 °C (5 °C min −1 ), held for 0 min; 240 °C–300 °C (12 °C min −1 )” [ 109 ] Water, sediment 22 IDL:2.9–112.2 pg a ; MDL: 5-227 22.42 % 0.75–57.2 % “Gradient temp: 80 °C for 0.75 min, 4...…”