Temporal Changes in Androgens and Estrogens Are Associated With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Older Men

Abstract

Dynamic temporal changes in serum T, cFT, DHT, and E2 (but not E1, LH, FSH, and SHBG) in older men are associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in distinct patterns.

Aging and sex hormones in males

“…Conversely, no relationship between sex steroids and cognition was found in other studies, such as the MMAS, 136 the CHAMP, 137 and the MrOS. 97 In these large cohort studies, low serum free T was almost constantly associated with an increased all-causes mortality risk, this association was found by the HIMS, 138 CHAMP, 81 MMAS, 139 EMAS, 95 RBS, 119 Tromsø, 140 and MrOS 141 studies. In the MrOS the mortality risk appeared to be higher when also low serum E 2 was present.…”

“…The BLSA estimated a decline of total serum T around 3.2 ng/dl per year, 4,79 this esteem being around 1.9 pg/ml per year in the RBS, 80 while the first data coming from the MMAS reported a decline of serum total and free T of about 0.4% and 1.2% per year, respectively 53 (Table 3). More recently, the CHAMP study showed a decline of serum total T around 2% per year 81 ( Table 3). The EMAS results have confirmed, in the last years, the data concerning the progressive decline in aging men of serum total T, free T, and E 2 82 , as well as those concerning the rise of SHBG with aging 83 (Table 3).…”

Oestradiol level, oestrogen receptors, and mortality in elderly men: The three‐city cohort study

“…Current knowledge on the relation between endogenous oestradiol and cardiovascular risk in men is limited and controversial. Some studies reported no association of endogenous oestradiol with CVD mortality, but one recent study showed that lower oestradiol levels were associated with increased CVD mortality . With respect to incident CVD, one meta‐analysis showed no conclusive results on the relation between endogenous oestradiol and CVD risk among men .…”

“…With respect to incident CVD, one meta‐analysis showed no conclusive results on the relation between endogenous oestradiol and CVD risk among men . In the Framingham Heart Study, low oestradiol levels were associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation . Another prospective study showed that high levels of endogenous oestradiol levels predicted incident stroke …”

“…While some studies showed no association, other studies found significant associations but in opposite directions . In addition, most studies focused on all‐cause mortality, and cause‐specific mortality has been little investigated …”