Tempering of an additively manufactured microsegregated hot-work tool steel: A high-temperature synchrotron X-ray diffraction study

Fonseca, Eduardo Bertoni da; Escobar, Julián; Gabriel, André H.G.; Ribamar, Giovani Gonçalves; Boll, Torben; Lopes, Éder Sócrates Najar

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2022.102812

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The retained austenite has been reported to remain in AMH with arrangement along building direction or cell structure. [ 6,31–33 ] In contrast, the hierarchical structure of martensite leading to PAG–packet–block was detected in CMH (Figure 6e). The average martensite grain size in AMH was 3.1 μm, which was smaller than the grain size of 5.3 μm in CMH.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Influence of Cell Structure on Yield Strength and Strain‐Hardening Behavior in Additively Manufactured H13 Hot Work Tool Steel

Kim,

Cho,

Kim

2024

steel research int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mechanical properties including yield strength, hardness, and strain hardening are superior in additively manufactured H13 hot work tool steel (AMH) compared to conventional H13 (CMH), which are correlated with microstructural characteristics. Comprehensive microstructural analysis reveals that the strain is highly localized in the cell structure with retained austenite in AMH. Quenching and tempering (QT) heat treatment removes the cell structure and retains austenite from AMH, resulting in a microstructure and mechanical properties similar to CMH after QT. The constitutive equation for yield strength shows that retained austenite with sufficient amount of dislocation density in martensite contributes to higher yield strength in AMH than CMH and identical strengthening mechanism between AMH and CMH after QT. Furthermore, microstructural changes during plastic deformation are investigated to find the origin of high strain‐hardening rate in AMH. The relationship between hardness and indentation depth yields the higher statistically stored dislocation density in AMH than CMH. In addition to higher dislocation accumulation, transformation of retained austenite to α′ martensite results in transformation‐induced plasticity effect, which contributes to strain hardening.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Influence of Cell Structure on Yield Strength and Strain‐Hardening Behavior in Additively Manufactured H13 Hot Work Tool Steel

Kim,

Cho,

Kim

2024

steel research int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sıcak iş takım çelikleri, basınçlı döküm, dövme ve enjeksiyon kalıplama uygulamaları için kalıp malzemesi olarak kullanılmaktadırlar [1,2]. En yaygın kullanılan kalitelerinden birisi, tipik olarak Cr, Mo ve V içeriğinden dolayı menevişleme sırasında ikincil sertleşmeye uygun olan X40CrMoV5-1 takım çeliğidir [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

EFFECT OF TEMPERING AND CRYOGENIC TREATMENT ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES IN X40CrMoV5-1 HOT WORK TOOL STEEL

KAHRIMAN

2023

NÖHÜ Müh. Bilim. Derg.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bu çalışmada kalıp malzemesi olarak kullanılan bir X40CrMoV5-1 sıcak iş takım çeliğinde, uygulanan farklı ısıl işlemlerin mikroyapı ve sertlik üzerindeki etkisi ve sonrasında seçilen numunelerde nitrasyon yüzey işleminin tribolojik özelliklere etkisi incelenmiştir. Isıl işlem prosesleri, tüm numunelerin östenitlenmesinden sonra kriyojenik işlem ve üç farklı sıcaklıkta iki aşamalı menevişleme olarak belirlenmiştir. Isıl işlemler sonrasında numunelerin mikroyapıları ışık mikroskobu ile incelenmiş ve RockwellC sertlikleri ölçülmüştür. Sonrasında meneviş sıcaklığına göre seçilen ve kriyojenik işlem uygulanmış ve uygulanmamış numunelerin yüzeylerine gaz nitrasyon yöntemi ile nitrürleme yüzey işlemi uygulanmıştır. Bu numunelere daha sonra kuru sürtünme aşınma testi uygulanarak nitrürlenmiş numunelerde kriyojenik işlemin tribolojik özelliklere etkisi spesifik aşınma oranı ve mikroskobik incelemeler ile araştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, nitrürlenmiş numunelerden derin kriyojenik işlemin uygulandığı numunede tribolojik özelliklerin spesifik aşınma oranı ve aşınma mekanizması açısından daha iyi özellikler sergilediğini göstermiştir.

show abstract

“…Then, closed to the first layer deposited, there is the "heataffected zone". Then the third zone consists of "tempered metal", which corresponds to the main deposited part, while the top layer of the sample, corresponding to the last deposited layer, form the "non-tempered metal" zone [15,16] During the process, the first layer is usually deposited on a cold substrate at environment temperature, causing rapid cooling due to the dissipation of heat and leaving a non-tempered layer. With each additional layer deposition, the heat from the energy source to the solidifying material passes through the previously deposited layers into the substrate, causing an intrinsic heat treatment (IHT) effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processability and Microstructural Evolution of W360 Hot Work Tool Steel by Directed Energy Deposition

Vinčić,

Aversa,

Lombardi

et al. 2023

Met. Mater. Int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) was used to produce samples of the newly patented W360 hot work tool steel by Böhler. The process parameters were optimized to obtain nearly fully dense samples through the production and analysis of single deposited tracks and single layers. Subsequently, bulk samples underwent a hardening heat treatment, consisting of austenitizing, air quenching, and tempering. The samples were analysed in the as-built condition (AB), after quenching (Q) and following tempering cycles (HT) to observe the microstructural evolution. The microstructure was investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopes, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the microstructural evolution was analysed with differential scanning calorimetry, while the mechanical response was evaluated through microhardness test. It was found that the AB samples exhibited a dendritic-cellular microstructure with tempered martensite laths. The thermal history of the AB samples was completely modified by the austenitizing treatment followed by quenching, resulting in a fully martensitic Q sample that did not display the typical dendritic-cellular microstructure of the L-DED process. The completion of the heat treatment with tempering cycles revealed the presence of Mo-rich carbides dispersed in a martensitic matrix. The HT samples exhibited a mean microhardness of 634 HV, remaining constant along the entire building direction from the substrate to the last deposited layer, indicating a homogeneous microstructure. This high value, similar to other hot work tool steels such as H13, makes W360 a very promising candidate for tool build and repair purposes. Graphical Abstract

show abstract

Tempering of an additively manufactured microsegregated hot-work tool steel: A high-temperature synchrotron X-ray diffraction study

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Influence of Cell Structure on Yield Strength and Strain‐Hardening Behavior in Additively Manufactured H13 Hot Work Tool Steel

Influence of Cell Structure on Yield Strength and Strain‐Hardening Behavior in Additively Manufactured H13 Hot Work Tool Steel

EFFECT OF TEMPERING AND CRYOGENIC TREATMENT ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES IN X40CrMoV5-1 HOT WORK TOOL STEEL

Processability and Microstructural Evolution of W360 Hot Work Tool Steel by Directed Energy Deposition

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About