“…It is based on work presented at the 18th International Conference CLAWAR [ 2 ]. Despite decades of reported studies on various strain gauges-based sensors for measuring joint torque over the years [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], their basic design has not improved significantly and most have restricted applicability in view of the strict requirements regarding linearity and symmetrical behavior to cope with different scales [ 20 ] necessitated by specific applications. The reason for this issue is well reported in literature, which clearly documented a trade-off between two factors i.e., sensitivity and torsional stiffness.…”