Temperature and depth preferences of adult sea trout Salmo trutta during the marine migration phase

Kristensen, Martin Lykke; Righton, David; Villar-Guerra, Diego del; Baktoft, Henrik; Aarestrup, Kim

doi:10.3354/meps12618

Cited by 22 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Average swimming depths were slightly shallower at night than in the daytime, indicating smallscale diel vertical movements. These results agree with other studies investigating the behaviour of wild trout in the marine environment (Lyse et al 1998, Eldøy et al 2017, Kristensen et al 2018. However, most of these studies have focused on veteran migrants, mainly due to technological constraints such as tag size for telemetry studies.…”

Section: Other Behavioural Adaptations To Lice Infestationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Impacts of salmon lice on mortality, marine migration distance and premature return in sea trout

Llinares

Bøhn

Karlsen

et al. 2020

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Brown trout Salmo trutta (L.) is a facultative anadromous species, where a portion of individuals in populations with access to the sea perform migrations to use the richer feeding resources. We investigated the effect of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer 1837) infestation on the survival and behaviour of wild trout post-smolts (average fork length = 180 mm) during their marine migration. Comparisons of the marine migratory behaviour were made between an artificially infested group (n = 74) and a control group (n = 71) in an area with low natural lice infestation pressure. Artificial infestation was estimated to cause 100% prevalence and a mean intensity of 65 lice fish-1 (mean relative intensity of 2.4 lice g-1 fish). Survival analysis showed limited statistical power but revealed lice-induced mortality, with an estimated hazard ratio of 2.73 (95% CI = 1.04-7.13) compared to the control group, when data from a previous pilot study were included. Surviving individuals in the infested group additionally responded by residing closer to fresh water while at sea, and by prematurely returning to fresh water. On average, infested fish returned to fresh water after only 18 d at sea, while control fish spent on average 100 d at sea. The residency in the inner part of the fjord and the premature return to fresh water represent an adaptive behavioural response to survive the infestation, at the probable cost of reduced growth opportunities and compromised future fitness.

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Section: Other Behavioural Adaptations To Lice Infestationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Impacts of salmon lice on mortality, marine migration distance and premature return in sea trout

Llinares

Bøhn

Karlsen

et al. 2020

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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show abstract

“…The individual migratory behavior of the tagged individuals was relative consistent among years despite some observed yearly variation in sea water temperature and salmon lice prevalence in salmon farms. Previous studies have linked both horizontal and vertical marine responses of anadromous brown trout to variation in seawater temperature (Rikardsen et al, 2007;Jensen et al, 2014;Eldøy et al, 2017;Kristensen et al, 2018). It has been thoroughly documented that open cage salmon farming can lead to the unnaturally high infestation of wild salmonids and alter their marine behavior Finstad et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Repeatability in Marine Migratory Behavior: A Multi-Population Assessment of Anadromous Brown Trout Tracked Through Consecutive Feeding Migrations

et al. 2019

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Despite that the study of individual repeatability is a common topic in behavioral ecology, virtually nothing is known about inter-annual variability in the marine migratory behavior of iteroparous salmonids that can complete multiple feeding migrations in their lifespan. Behavioral data from 38 anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta), tracked by acoustic telemetry in 2-3 consecutive marine feeding migrations in two Norwegian fjord systems, were analyzed for intra-individual repeatability in key aspects of their marine migration. Individual brown trout displayed significant inter-annual consistency in marine area use and in the timing of marine exit (i.e. when they returned to spawning rivers), but not in the timing of marine entry or the time spent in the marine environment each year. Our study raises new questions about how anadromous brown trout respond to changing conditions and anthropogenic factors in the marine environment. Intra-individual repeatability of brown trout linked to changing environmental conditions should therefore be a focus for future studies.

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“…Distance to the coast and deep sea areas may limit the distribution of sea trout. Nevertheless, there are some evidences of large within-and between-population variations in marine migration distance Kristensen et al, 2018;Potter, Campbell, Sumner, & Marshall, 2017;Prodöhl et al, 2017). Nevertheless, there are some evidences of large within-and between-population variations in marine migration distance Kristensen et al, 2018;Potter, Campbell, Sumner, & Marshall, 2017;Prodöhl et al, 2017).…”

Section: Influen Ce Of the Marine Environment On MI G R Ati On Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is generally assumed that most anadromous brown trout feed in shallow waters within 100 km from the river mouth Thorstad et al, 2016). Nevertheless, there are some evidences of large within-and between-population variations in marine migration distance Kristensen et al, 2018;Potter, Campbell, Sumner, & Marshall, 2017;Prodöhl et al, 2017).…”

Section: Influen Ce Of the Marine Environment On MI G R Ati On Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental influences on life history strategies in partially anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta, Salmonidae)

et al. 2019

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This paper reviews the life history of brown trout and factors influencing decisions to migrate. Decisions that maximize fitness appear dependent on size at age. In partly anadromous populations, individuals that attain maturity at the parr stage typically become freshwater resident. For individual fish, the life history is not genetically fixed and can be modified by the previous growth history and energetic state in early life. This phenotypic plasticity may be influenced by epigenetic modifications of the genome. Thus, factors influencing survival and growth determine life‐history decisions. These are intra‐ and interspecific competition, feeding and shelter opportunities in freshwater and salt water, temperature in alternative habitats and flow conditions in running water. Male trout exhibit alternative mating strategies and can spawn as a subordinate sneaker or a dominant competitor. Females do not exhibit alternative mating behaviour. The relationship between growth, size and reproductive success differs between sexes in that females exhibit a higher tendency to migrate than males. Southern populations are sensitive to global warming. In addition, fisheries, aquaculture with increased spreading of salmon lice, introduction of new species, weirs and river regulation, poor water quality and coastal developments all threaten trout populations. The paper summarizes life‐history data from six populations across Europe and ends by presenting new research questions and directions for future research.

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Temperature and depth preferences of adult sea trout Salmo trutta during the marine migration phase

Cited by 22 publications

References 57 publications

Impacts of salmon lice on mortality, marine migration distance and premature return in sea trout

Impacts of salmon lice on mortality, marine migration distance and premature return in sea trout

Individual Repeatability in Marine Migratory Behavior: A Multi-Population Assessment of Anadromous Brown Trout Tracked Through Consecutive Feeding Migrations

Environmental influences on life history strategies in partially anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta, Salmonidae)

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