Temperamento, prematuridade e comportamento interativo mãe-criança

Abstract

ResumoEste estudo teve por objetivo elaborar e testar um modelo combinado de avaliação do temperamento de crianças, diferenciadas pela idade gestacional, e do comportamento em interação com suas mães. A amostra incluiu 10 crianças, sendo cinco nascidas a termo e cinco nascidas pré-termo, com idade entre 18 a 36 meses, e suas respectivas mães. A coleta de dados foi realizada em seus domicílios, onde foi aplicado com a mãe o The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire para avaliação do temperamento das crianças e realizada uma observação sistemática das interações mãe-criança em situação lúdica-livre. A análise de dados da interação focalizou o tipo de inicio dos episódios de contato, dinâmica das atividades, responsividade, sincronia, intrusividade, raiva ou frustração e oposicionismo. Os resultados mostraram que o temperamento das crianças nascidas a termo e pré-termo diferenciou-se quanto à expressão do Controle com Esforço e Extroversão. Os intercâmbios iniciados pela mãe foram os mais frequentes nas interações de ambos os grupos. Houve maior intrusividade materna e raiva e oposicionismo das crianças nascidas prematuras em comparação às nascidas a termo. O modelo de avaliação foi válido para identifi car os padrões de comportamento das crianças com desenvolvimento típico e com prematuridade em interação com suas mães. Palavras-chave: Temperamento, interação mãe criança, nascimento prematuro. AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a combined model of temperament assessment of children, differentiated by gestational age, and behavior in the interaction with their mothers. The sample included 10 children, fi ve born full term and fi ve born preterm, aged 18 to 36 months, and their mothers. Data collection was performed in their homes, through an interview with mothers in order to assess their children's temperament using The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire. The study also carried out a systematic observation of the mother-child interactions in a free-play situation. The data analysis of the interaction focused on the type of beginning of contact episodes, dynamics of activities, responsiveness, synchronicity, intrusiveness, anger/frustration and opposition. Results showed that the temperament of children born full term and preterm differed for the expression of Effort Control and Extroversion. Exchanges started by mothers were the most frequent ones in the interactions of both groups. There were more intrusive mothers and children showed more anger and opposition in dyads of children born preterm compared to dyads of children born full term. The assessment model was useful in order to identify the behavior profi les of children with typical development as well as prematurity in interactions with their mothers.

Mother-child interaction: implications of chronic maternal anxiety and depression

“…Corroborating other studies (Cassiano & Linhares, 2015;Ribeiro et al, 2014), behaviors of positive affect predominated in the recorded episodes, with few episodes of negative affect, on the part of both the mother and the child. It seems probable that minimal hostility and demonstrations of positive affect are characteristic of mother-child interactions in the age range studied (Cassiano & Linhares, 2015); however, since the observations occurred in the presence of a stranger, in particularly small rooms, this could have inhibited the emission of socially censored negative affect behaviors.…”

“…In the interactive episode, reciprocal relationships were observed between the children and their mothers, confirming the mutuality and bidirectional character of the interaction during the first year of life (Cassiano & Linhares, 2015;Feldman, 2015). More sensitive, stimulating, and positively affective mothers had children that were more involved and integrated in the interaction.…”

Neonatal and temperament variables predict behavior problems of preterm children at toddlerhood

“…The mothers who experienced difficulty in stopping or moderating their undesirable behaviors also exhibited problems regulating the emotions and behaviors of their children 47 . The mothers of children born preterm, in comparison to their full-term counterparts, offered less support to their children and were more intrusive, frequently interfering with their children's autonomous behavior 48,49 . The higher the level of extraversion and the lower the effortful control in children, the higher the aggressive behaviors exhibited in school 50 .…”

The influence of personal characteristics and social support regarding pacifier introduction among preterm infants

“…This finding matches that of Feldman et al (2011) who found that the presence of positive maternal behaviours promoting emotional self-regulation was related to the greater abilities to curb aggressiveness in 2-to 3-year-olds. Cassiano and Linhares (2015) also highlighted that the mother-infant interaction quality can influence the child's temperament, specially at an age considered a turning point to self-regulation and a higher demand for a more active maternal behavior. The present result implies that the establishment of progressively more complex PPs and mutual emotional attachments with the mother and the individuals committed to the development of the infant lead to the internalization of affection and the activities undertaken by the parents (Bronfenbrenner 2001).…”