Temperament and personality: Origins and outcomes.

Rothbart, Mary K.; Ahadi, Stephan A.; Evans, David

doi:10.1037//0022-3514.78.1.122

Cited by 431 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Similarly, most of the temperament ratings were around the middle of the scale, with few difficult temperaments identified. We also relied exclusively on the fussiness/difficulty subscale to assess temperamental difficulty; other components of infant temperament, such as reactivity and self-regulation ( Rothbart et al, 2000 ) or adaptability and unpredictability ( Bates et al, 1979 ), might influence parental behavior. Finally, few (14.8%) of the parents had twins, limiting our ability to recognize effects of this status and the fact that we observed the parents of twins in one-on-one interactions with their infants might have reduced the representativeness of the observed interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental positive affect and negative affect in same- and different-sex parent families: no associations with parental gender and caregiving role

Leter,

Ellis-Davies,

Rubio

et al. 2024

Front. Psychol.

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Positive and negative parental affect influence developing parent–child attachment relationships, especially during infancy as well as children’s social–emotional, academic, and behavioral functioning later in life. Increasingly, because both mothers and fathers can play central caregiving roles, the parenting qualities of both parents demand consideration. Therefore, this study investigated whether parental gender and caregiving role were associated with mothers’ and fathers’ positive affect and negative affect during interactions with their 4-month-old firstborn infant, while determining whether parenting stress, infant temperament, having a singleton/twin, and living in the Netherlands, France, or the United Kingdom were related to parental positive affect and negative affect. In all, 135 different-sex, same-sex male, and same-sex female couples (113 fathers and 157 mothers, comprising 147 primary, and 123 secondary caregivers) who conceived through artificial reproductive techniques were studied. The couples were videorecorded at home while in feeding, cleaning, and playing contexts to assess the levels of positive and negative parental affect. In addition, the couples completed questionnaires about their caregiving role, parenting stress, and the infants’ temperament. Mixed linear models indicated that the levels of positive and negative parental affect toward the infant in all contexts were not related to parental gender, caregiving role, the interaction between parental gender and caregiving role, parenting stress, infant temperament, or singleton/twin status. However, the target parental behaviors were related to the country of origin, suggesting differences among Dutch, French, and British parents. Overall, we found no evidence that gender or caregiving roles were associated with the levels of positive and negative affect shown by the parents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental positive affect and negative affect in same- and different-sex parent families: no associations with parental gender and caregiving role

Leter,

Ellis-Davies,

Rubio

et al. 2024

Front. Psychol.

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“…Dispositional traits serve as the interpretative infrastructure between an animal or human’s stress response system and the environment. 14 , 15 , 21 , 57 , 58 Rather than serving as an independent predictor, it is the combination of stress exposures with dispositional traits that increases or decreases health risks. Children and adults with vulnerable traits confronted by challenges without adaptive coping mechanisms are at greater risk for poor outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hippocrates is widely recognized for his identification of the four humors and their association with health and emotional functioning. 21 Broadly investigated, numerous psychological theories and models have been developed around related constructs. 19 , 21 – 24 Preclinical and animal studies have provided further validating evidence for the underlying genetic and predisposing nature of dispositional traits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dispositional traits help explain individual differences in relationships between a radiographic knee osteoarthritis measure, pain, and physical function

Mickle,

Staud,

Garvan

et al. 2024

Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal

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Background: The concordance between radiograph-derived Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) scores for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and experimental and clinical pain and KOA-related physical function is conflicting. Objectives: We investigate whether the inclusion of dispositional traits reduces variability between KOA radiographic findings, experimental pain, clinical pain, and function in individuals with knee pain. Design: This study is a cross-sectional, secondary analysis of data collected from the UPLOAD-II study. Methods: Adults aged 45–85 years with and without knee pain were enrolled. Data collected included sociodemographics, knee radiographs, experimental pain, clinical pain and function, and trait affect. Vulnerable and protective dispositional traits were classified from combined positive and negative trait affect measures. KL scores were determined from the knee radiographs. Unadjusted and adjusted (age, sex, comorbidities, and body mass index) regression analyses were completed with SAS version 9.4 (Cary, NC, USA). Results: The study included 218 individuals with a mean age of 58 years, 63.6% women, and 48.2% non-Hispanic black adults. Dispositional traits were associated with the experimental pain measures. No association between radiographic KOA and experimental pain was observed. In a combined and adjusted analysis, dispositional traits were predictive of knee punctate pain temporal summation ( p = 0.0382). Both dispositional traits and radiographic KOA scores independently and combined were predictive of Graded Chronic Pain Scale pain and function, and Western Ontario and McMaster University pain and function ( ps ⩽ 0.01). Improvements in R2 were noted across all models with the inclusion of dispositional traits. Conclusion: Consideration of dispositional traits reduces the variability between radiographic KOA and pain and function. Non-pathological and associated pain-related psychological factors and dispositional traits might serve as parsimonious proxy tools to improve clinical assessments. Registration: N/A.

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“…Regarding convergent and discriminant validity, the SAAM showed high correlations with measures for similar constructs (i.e., Relationship Questionnaire and ECR) and lower correlations with conceptually different constructs (e.g., Positive and Negative Affect schedule; Bosmans et al, 2014; Gillath et al, 2009). Finally, the SAAM could predict relationship quality over and beyond the Adult Temperament Questionnaire (Rothbart et al, 2000; ∆ R 2 = .24, p < .01), a personality measure based on the five-factor model of personality indicating good incremental validity.…”

Section: Assessing Attachment Stylementioning

confidence: 97%

The German Version of the State Adult Attachment Measure (SAAM)

Stöven

Herzberg

2021

Psychological Test Adaptation and Development

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Abstract. This study examined the structure, reliability, and validity of a German version of the State Adult Attachment Measure (SAAM) by Gillath and colleagues ( Gillath et al., 2009 ). A satisfactory fit was found for the hypothesized three-factor model (comparative fit index = .840; RMSEA = .071 with 95% CI = .063, .079). The German SAAM subscales showed high internal consistency. Convergent and discriminant validity supported the state interpretation of the subscale scores. Furthermore, German SAAM scores explained variance in outcomes of mental health and well-being over and beyond trait attachment with the Security subscale accounting for most of the variance. One-week test–retest reliability did not differ from a trait attachment measure (Experiences in Close Relationship Scale). The DE-SAAM could capture fluctuations in Security scores induced by a security prime ( p = .007, d = 0.49). No effect of the prime condition (security vs. neutral) was found on Anxiety and Avoidance. Further research is needed to examine the validity of the state interpretation of all DE-SAAM subscale scores.

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Temperament and personality: Origins and outcomes.

Cited by 431 publications

References 65 publications

Parental positive affect and negative affect in same- and different-sex parent families: no associations with parental gender and caregiving role

Parental positive affect and negative affect in same- and different-sex parent families: no associations with parental gender and caregiving role

Dispositional traits help explain individual differences in relationships between a radiographic knee osteoarthritis measure, pain, and physical function

The German Version of the State Adult Attachment Measure (SAAM)

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