Teleost caudal neurosecretory system: Effects of osmotic stress on urophysial proteins and active factors

Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding precursors of urotensin II-alpha and -gamma

“…It is therefore plausible that both precursors yield a peptide consisting of 85 amino acid residues and a dipeptide Gln-Phe, as well as the signal peptide and UII. The former may represent a putative urotensin carrier protein, urophysin (Berlind et al, 1972;Lederis et al, 1974Lederis et al, , 1981Moore et al, 1975). We have isolated such peptides from the urophysis of the carp, and we found that one of the peptides is indistinguishable in amino acid composition from the 85-residue peptide mentioned above.…”

“…Characterization of the precursors of UII peptides would help to elucidate the evolutionary relationships among different forms of UII, between UII and UI, and between UII and somatostatin, which has been shown to be partially homologous to UII (Pearson et al, 1980); it may also provide information on the putative carrier proteins, urophysins (Berlind et al, 1972;Lederis et al, 1974, 198 1;Moore et al, 1975). We report here the cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNAs that encode the precursors of UII-(r and -y of the carp.…”

Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding precursors of urotensin II-alpha and -gamma

“…It is therefore plausible that both precursors yield a peptide consisting of 85 amino acid residues and a dipeptide Gln-Phe, as well as the signal peptide and UII. The former may represent a putative urotensin carrier protein, urophysin (Berlind et al, 1972;Lederis et al, 1974Lederis et al, , 1981Moore et al, 1975). We have isolated such peptides from the urophysis of the carp, and we found that one of the peptides is indistinguishable in amino acid composition from the 85-residue peptide mentioned above.…”

“…Characterization of the precursors of UII peptides would help to elucidate the evolutionary relationships among different forms of UII, between UII and UI, and between UII and somatostatin, which has been shown to be partially homologous to UII (Pearson et al, 1980); it may also provide information on the putative carrier proteins, urophysins (Berlind et al, 1972;Lederis et al, 1974, 198 1;Moore et al, 1975). We report here the cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNAs that encode the precursors of UII-(r and -y of the carp.…”

The Caudal Neurosecretory System: A Still Enigmatic Second Neuroendocrine Complex in Fish

“…Early demonstration of an impact of ionic change on UII release came from the in vitro depolarization of Dahlgren cells with a high K + concentration, which resulted in the release of UII from the urophysis of the longjaw mudsucker [319]. The same author, and colleagues, demonstrated in this species that transfer from SW to FW for 6 days depleted the urophysial content of AVT (referred to as “toad bladder hydrosmotic factor”), while the amount of UII (“trout bladder-contracting factor”) was unaltered [320]. A comparative study of UII immunoreactivity in the CNSS of six species of FW teleosts (common carp, goldfish, Mozambique tilapia, Nile tilapia, rainbow trout, and ayu sweetfish Plecoglossus altivelis ) and six species of SW teleosts (yellowfin goby Acanthogobius flavimanus , red sea bream Pagrus major , chicken grunt Parapristipoma trilineatum , Japanese jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus , greater amberjack Seriola dumerili , and Japanese amberjack Seriola quinqueradiata ) showed that the amount of urophysial UII was lower in FW species than in SW ones [321].…”

Cellular Biology of the Neurosecretory Neuron

“…Considering the large number of different neurosecretory systems in the animal kingdom, where the neurosecretory process involves production of membrane‐limited, electron‐dense granules essentially indistinguishable generically from those of the vertebrate neural lobe (those contained in the type A or peptidergic fibers), it is not illogical to expect that neurophysin‐like carrier proteins would be the rule. However, the only studies in this regard have involved the caudal neurosecretory system of teleosts, where indeed there do appear to be unique proteins (revealed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) [(36, 307); G. D. Burford, unpublished observations]. There is as yet no proof, however, of a carrier role for these urophysins, and the association of biological activity with one or more of the proteins (as many as four bands, and as few as one, have been encountered in some species) has yet to be established.…”

Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding precursors of urotensin II-alpha and -gamma

“…It is therefore plausible that both precursors yield a peptide consisting of 85 amino acid residues and a dipeptide Gln-Phe, as well as the signal peptide and UII. The former may represent a putative urotensin carrier protein, urophysin (Berlind et al, 1972;Lederis et al, 1974Lederis et al, , 1981Moore et al, 1975). We have isolated such peptides from the urophysis of the carp, and we found that one of the peptides is indistinguishable in amino acid composition from the 85-residue peptide mentioned above.…”

“…Characterization of the precursors of UII peptides would help to elucidate the evolutionary relationships among different forms of UII, between UII and UI, and between UII and somatostatin, which has been shown to be partially homologous to UII (Pearson et al, 1980); it may also provide information on the putative carrier proteins, urophysins (Berlind et al, 1972;Lederis et al, 1974, 198 1;Moore et al, 1975). We report here the cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNAs that encode the precursors of UII-(r and -y of the carp.…”

The Caudal Neurosecretory System: A Still Enigmatic Second Neuroendocrine Complex in Fish

“…Early demonstration of an impact of ionic change on UII release came from the in vitro depolarization of Dahlgren cells with a high K + concentration, which resulted in the release of UII from the urophysis of the longjaw mudsucker [319]. The same author, and colleagues, demonstrated in this species that transfer from SW to FW for 6 days depleted the urophysial content of AVT (referred to as “toad bladder hydrosmotic factor”), while the amount of UII (“trout bladder-contracting factor”) was unaltered [320]. A comparative study of UII immunoreactivity in the CNSS of six species of FW teleosts (common carp, goldfish, Mozambique tilapia, Nile tilapia, rainbow trout, and ayu sweetfish Plecoglossus altivelis ) and six species of SW teleosts (yellowfin goby Acanthogobius flavimanus , red sea bream Pagrus major , chicken grunt Parapristipoma trilineatum , Japanese jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus , greater amberjack Seriola dumerili , and Japanese amberjack Seriola quinqueradiata ) showed that the amount of urophysial UII was lower in FW species than in SW ones [321].…”

Cellular Biology of the Neurosecretory Neuron

“…Considering the large number of different neurosecretory systems in the animal kingdom, where the neurosecretory process involves production of membrane‐limited, electron‐dense granules essentially indistinguishable generically from those of the vertebrate neural lobe (those contained in the type A or peptidergic fibers), it is not illogical to expect that neurophysin‐like carrier proteins would be the rule. However, the only studies in this regard have involved the caudal neurosecretory system of teleosts, where indeed there do appear to be unique proteins (revealed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) [(36, 307); G. D. Burford, unpublished observations]. There is as yet no proof, however, of a carrier role for these urophysins, and the association of biological activity with one or more of the proteins (as many as four bands, and as few as one, have been encountered in some species) has yet to be established.…”

Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding precursors of urotensin II-alpha and -gamma

“…It is therefore plausible that both precursors yield a peptide consisting of 85 amino acid residues and a dipeptide Gln-Phe, as well as the signal peptide and UII. The former may represent a putative urotensin carrier protein, urophysin (Berlind et al, 1972;Lederis et al, 1974Lederis et al, , 1981Moore et al, 1975). We have isolated such peptides from the urophysis of the carp, and we found that one of the peptides is indistinguishable in amino acid composition from the 85-residue peptide mentioned above.…”

“…Characterization of the precursors of UII peptides would help to elucidate the evolutionary relationships among different forms of UII, between UII and UI, and between UII and somatostatin, which has been shown to be partially homologous to UII (Pearson et al, 1980); it may also provide information on the putative carrier proteins, urophysins (Berlind et al, 1972;Lederis et al, 1974, 198 1;Moore et al, 1975). We report here the cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNAs that encode the precursors of UII-(r and -y of the carp.…”

The Caudal Neurosecretory System: A Still Enigmatic Second Neuroendocrine Complex in Fish

“…Early demonstration of an impact of ionic change on UII release came from the in vitro depolarization of Dahlgren cells with a high K + concentration, which resulted in the release of UII from the urophysis of the longjaw mudsucker [319]. The same author, and colleagues, demonstrated in this species that transfer from SW to FW for 6 days depleted the urophysial content of AVT (referred to as “toad bladder hydrosmotic factor”), while the amount of UII (“trout bladder-contracting factor”) was unaltered [320]. A comparative study of UII immunoreactivity in the CNSS of six species of FW teleosts (common carp, goldfish, Mozambique tilapia, Nile tilapia, rainbow trout, and ayu sweetfish Plecoglossus altivelis ) and six species of SW teleosts (yellowfin goby Acanthogobius flavimanus , red sea bream Pagrus major , chicken grunt Parapristipoma trilineatum , Japanese jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus , greater amberjack Seriola dumerili , and Japanese amberjack Seriola quinqueradiata ) showed that the amount of urophysial UII was lower in FW species than in SW ones [321].…”

Cellular Biology of the Neurosecretory Neuron

“…Considering the large number of different neurosecretory systems in the animal kingdom, where the neurosecretory process involves production of membrane‐limited, electron‐dense granules essentially indistinguishable generically from those of the vertebrate neural lobe (those contained in the type A or peptidergic fibers), it is not illogical to expect that neurophysin‐like carrier proteins would be the rule. However, the only studies in this regard have involved the caudal neurosecretory system of teleosts, where indeed there do appear to be unique proteins (revealed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) [(36, 307); G. D. Burford, unpublished observations]. There is as yet no proof, however, of a carrier role for these urophysins, and the association of biological activity with one or more of the proteins (as many as four bands, and as few as one, have been encountered in some species) has yet to be established.…”