Tectorial Membrane Stiffness Gradients

Richter, Claus Peter; Emadi, Gulam; Getnick, Geoffrey S; Quesnel, Alicia M.; Dallos, Peter

doi:10.1529/biophysj.106.094474

Cited by 90 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Whereas von Békésy (1953Békésy ( , 1960 and Shoelson et al (2004) found no systematic longitudinal stiffness changes in the TM, a systematic change in driving point stiffness measured at the TM has been reported by our group in the gerbil (Emadi et al 2002;Richter et al 2007) and by Gueta at al. (Gueta et al 2006 in the mouse.…”

Section: Tectorial Membranementioning

confidence: 43%

“…Furthermore, stiffness measurements were made on isolated TM (Freeman et al 2003a, b;Gueta et al 2006Gueta et al , 2008Gueta et al , 2011Shoelson et al 2004), in vitro (Emadi et al 2002Richter et al 2007;von Békésy, 1960) and in vivo (Zwislocki and Cefaratti 1989;Zwislocki et al 1988). Some experimental sets were obtained from different sites along the cochlea, and a longitudinal gradient could be determined (Emadi et al 2002(Emadi et al , 2004Gueta et al 2006Gueta et al , 2011Richter et al 2007;von Békésy, 1960).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some experimental sets were obtained from different sites along the cochlea, and a longitudinal gradient could be determined (Emadi et al 2002(Emadi et al , 2004Gueta et al 2006Gueta et al , 2011Richter et al 2007;von Békésy, 1960). Recently, efforts have been made to determine the impedance of isolated tectorial membranes (Gavara and Chadwick 2010;Jones et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The approach is not novel and has been described in the literature before (Emadi et al 2004;Richter et al 2007). In short, the stiffness measurements were conducted with the assumption that a sensor with known stiffness k sensor can be used to determine an unknown stiffness k tissue by pushing the sensor against the tissue and measuring the sensor's deflection.…”

Section: Driving Point Stiffnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the initial rise in stiffness can be attributed to the coupling of the sensor to the tissue, it has been argued that the plateau reflects the relevant stiffness of the tissue. It has been assumed that the tissue can be approximated by a system of parallel and radially oriented beams and that the return force on the sensor results from the increasing number and stiffness of those beams (Emadi et al 2002;Emadi and Richter 2008;Emadi et al 2004;Gummer et al 1981;Miller 1985;Richter et al 2007;Vôldrich, 1978). In other words, the plateau stiffness has been suggested to reflect the stiffness of the embedded collagen fibers.…”

Section: Plateau Stiffnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Basilar Membrane and Tectorial Membrane Stiffness in the CBA/CaJ Mouse

Teudt

Richter

2014

JARO

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The mouse has become an important animal model in understanding cochlear function. Structures, such as the tectorial membrane or hair cells, have been changed by gene manipulation, and the resulting effect on cochlear function has been studied. To contrast those findings, physical properties of the basilar membrane (BM) and tectorial membrane (TM) in mice without gene mutation are of great importance. Using the hemicochlea of CBA/CaJ mice, we have demonstrated that tectorial membrane (TM) and basilar membrane (BM) revealed a stiffness gradient along the cochlea. While a simple spring mass resonator predicts the change in the characteristic frequency of the BM, the spring mass model does not predict the frequency change along the TM. Plateau stiffness values of the TM were 0.6±0.5, 0.2± 0.1, and 0.09±0.09 N/m for the basal, middle, and upper turns, respectively. The BM plateau stiffness values were 3.7±2.2, 1.2±1.2, and 0.5±0.5 N/m for the basal, middle, and upper turns, respectively. Estimations of the TM Young's modulus (in kPa) revealed 24.3±25.2 for the basal turns, 5.1±4.5 for the middle turns, and 1.9±1.6 for the apical turns. Young's modulus determined at the BM pectinate zone was 76.8±72, 23.9±30.6, and 9.4±6.2 kPa for the basal, middle, and apical turns, respectively. The reported stiffness values of the CBA/CaJ mouse TM and BM provide basic data for the physical properties of its organ of Corti.

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Section: Tectorial Membranementioning

confidence: 43%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Driving Point Stiffnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plateau Stiffnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Basilar Membrane and Tectorial Membrane Stiffness in the CBA/CaJ Mouse

Teudt

Richter

2014

JARO

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Cochlear tonotopy from proteins to perception

Fettiplace

2023

BioEssays

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A ubiquitous feature of the auditory organ in amniotes is the longitudinal mapping of neuronal characteristic frequencies (CFs), which increase exponentially with distance along the organ. The exponential tonotopic map reflects variation in hair cell properties according to cochlear location and is thought to stem from concentration gradients in diffusible morphogenic proteins during embryonic development. While in all amniotes the spatial gradient is initiated by sonic hedgehog (SHH), released from the notochord and floorplate, subsequent molecular pathways are not fully understood. In chickens, BMP7 is one such morphogen, secreted from the distal end of the cochlea. In mammals, the developmental mechanism differs from birds and may depend on cochlear location.A consequence of exponential maps is that each octave occupies an equal distance on the cochlea, a spacing preserved in the tonotopic maps in higher auditory brain regions. This may facilitate frequency analysis and recognition of acoustic sequences.

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Hair Cell Transduction, Tuning, and Synaptic Transmission in the Mammalian Cochlea

Fettiplace

2017

Comprehensive Physiology

270

273

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Sound pressure fluctuations striking the ear are conveyed to the cochlea, where they vibrate the basilar membrane on which sit hair cells, the mechanoreceptors of the inner ear. Recordings of hair cell electrical responses have shown that they transduce sound via sub-micrometer deflections of their hair bundles, which are arrays of interconnected stereocilia containing the mechanoelectrical transducer (MET) channels. MET channels are activated by tension in extracellular tip links bridging adjacent stereocilia, and they can respond within microseconds to nanometer displacements of the bundle, facilitated by multiple processes of Ca2+-dependent adaptation. Studies of mouse mutants have produced much detail about the molecular organization of the stereocilia, the tip links and their attachment sites, and the MET channels localized to the lower ends of each tip link. The mammalian cochlea contains two categories of hair cells. Inner hair cells relay acoustic information via multiple ribbon synapses that transmit rapidly without rundown. Outer hair cells are important for amplifying sound-evoked vibrations. The amplification mechanism primarily involves contractions of the outer hair cells, which are driven by changes in membrane potential and mediated by prestin, a motor protein in the outer hair cell lateral membrane. Different sound frequencies are separated along the cochlea, with each hair cell being tuned to a narrow frequency range; amplification sharpens the frequency resolution and augments sensitivity 100-fold around the cell’s characteristic frequency. Genetic mutations and environmental factors such as acoustic overstimulation cause hearing loss through irreversible damage to the hair cells or degeneration of inner hair cell synapses.

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Tectorial Membrane Stiffness Gradients

Cited by 90 publications

References 43 publications

Basilar Membrane and Tectorial Membrane Stiffness in the CBA/CaJ Mouse

Basilar Membrane and Tectorial Membrane Stiffness in the CBA/CaJ Mouse

Cochlear tonotopy from proteins to perception

Hair Cell Transduction, Tuning, and Synaptic Transmission in the Mammalian Cochlea

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