Technology in ambulatory medical care: Cost increasing or cost saving?

Creaming and Dumping: Who on Whom?

“…practitioners working exclusively in the private sector who have the right to send patients to a public hospital. Their incentives were analyzed in detail by Zweifel (1981Zweifel ( , 1982Zweifel ( , & 1985. However, in this paper the hospitalization decision is already made, permitting to focus on SPs and DPs.…”

Creaming and Dumping: Who on Whom?

“…practitioners working exclusively in the private sector who have the right to send patients to a public hospital. Their incentives were analyzed in detail by Zweifel (1981Zweifel ( , 1982Zweifel ( , & 1985. However, in this paper the hospitalization decision is already made, permitting to focus on SPs and DPs.…”

Generic substitution, financial interests, and imperfect agency

“…An early investigation by Zweifel (1985) concluded that while PD creates incentives to keep patients out of the hospital (where different physicians are in charge as a rule), the savings achieved through a reduced rate of hospitalization fall short of the extra drug expenditure induced in ambulatory care. At a more aggregate level, Dummermuth (1993) compares two otherwise similar neighboring cantons (Lucerne with PD and Argovia without PD), finding PD to be associated with slightly higher per capita drug expenditure as well as HCE.…”

Supply-side and demand-side cost sharing in deregulated social health insurance: Which is more effective?

“…For 11 The existing literature on the issue is inconclusive. For example, Vatter and Ruefli [2003] and Trottmann [2011] find physician dispensing to lower HCE, while Beck et al [2004] and Zweifel [1985] find a positive effect.…”

Creaming and Dumping: Who on Whom?

“…practitioners working exclusively in the private sector who have the right to send patients to a public hospital. Their incentives were analyzed in detail by Zweifel (1981Zweifel ( , 1982Zweifel ( , & 1985. However, in this paper the hospitalization decision is already made, permitting to focus on SPs and DPs.…”

Generic substitution, financial interests, and imperfect agency

“…An early investigation by Zweifel (1985) concluded that while PD creates incentives to keep patients out of the hospital (where different physicians are in charge as a rule), the savings achieved through a reduced rate of hospitalization fall short of the extra drug expenditure induced in ambulatory care. At a more aggregate level, Dummermuth (1993) compares two otherwise similar neighboring cantons (Lucerne with PD and Argovia without PD), finding PD to be associated with slightly higher per capita drug expenditure as well as HCE.…”

Supply-side and demand-side cost sharing in deregulated social health insurance: Which is more effective?

“…For 11 The existing literature on the issue is inconclusive. For example, Vatter and Ruefli [2003] and Trottmann [2011] find physician dispensing to lower HCE, while Beck et al [2004] and Zweifel [1985] find a positive effect.…”

Creaming and Dumping: Who on Whom?

“…practitioners working exclusively in the private sector who have the right to send patients to a public hospital. Their incentives were analyzed in detail by Zweifel (1981Zweifel ( , 1982Zweifel ( , & 1985. However, in this paper the hospitalization decision is already made, permitting to focus on SPs and DPs.…”

Generic substitution, financial interests, and imperfect agency

“…An early investigation by Zweifel (1985) concluded that while PD creates incentives to keep patients out of the hospital (where different physicians are in charge as a rule), the savings achieved through a reduced rate of hospitalization fall short of the extra drug expenditure induced in ambulatory care. At a more aggregate level, Dummermuth (1993) compares two otherwise similar neighboring cantons (Lucerne with PD and Argovia without PD), finding PD to be associated with slightly higher per capita drug expenditure as well as HCE.…”

Supply-side and demand-side cost sharing in deregulated social health insurance: Which is more effective?

“…For 11 The existing literature on the issue is inconclusive. For example, Vatter and Ruefli [2003] and Trottmann [2011] find physician dispensing to lower HCE, while Beck et al [2004] and Zweifel [1985] find a positive effect.…”