Technological Pathways to Produce Compressed and Highly Pure Hydrogen from Solar Power

Ivanova, Mariya; Peters, Ralf; Müller, Martin; Haas, Stefan; Seidler, Martin Florian; Mutschke, Gerd; Eckert, Kerstin; Röse, Philipp; Calnan, Sonya; Bagacki, Rory; Schlatmann, Rutger; Grosselindemann, Cedric; Schäfer, Laura-Alena; Menzler, Norbert H.; Weber, André; Krol, Roel van de; Liang, Feng; Abdi, Fatwa F.; Brendelberger, Stefan; Neumann, Nicole; Grobbel, Johannes; Roeb, Martin; Sattler, Christian; Duran, Ines; Dietrich, Benjamin; Hofberger, Christoph; Stoppel, L.; Uhlenbruck, Neele; Wetzel, Thomas; Rauner, D.; Hecimovic, A.; Fantz, U.; Kulyk, Nadiia; Harting, Jens; Guillon, Olivier

doi:10.1002/anie.202218850

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 347 publications

(730 reference statements)

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“…Latin letters a exponent describing hydrogen partial pressure dependency of the fuel electrode's exchange current density (-) b exponent describing steam partial pressure dependency of the fuel electrode's exchange current density (-) B ohm specific constant for ohmic resistance (K (Ω m 2 ) −1 ) D i diffusion coefficient of species i (m Metallic interconnectors (MICs) [1][2][3] in stacks with high temperature solid oxide cells (SOCs) 4 are essential components in order to realize high-scaled production of hydrogen (H 2 ) and/or mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (synthesis gas). [5][6][7][8] The application of steel grades for MICs in commercialized stacks 9 is economically beneficial since material and manufacturing costs are significantly lower compared to ceramic flow fields. 10 MICs are usually made of ferritic steels, as for example Crofer 22 APU ® , which can meet the thermal expansion requirement and exhibit the ability to form a conductive chromium (Cr) oxide layer.…”

Section: List Of Symbolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stack-like Contacting in Solid Oxide Cells: Electrochemical Characterization and Modeling

Ewald,

Grosselindemann,

Esau

et al. 2024

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The integrity of metallic interconnectors (MIC) in an solid oxide cell stack is crucial because contact resistances or limitations in gas supply may occur. In this contribution, a Crofer 22 APU® interconnector with a (Mn, Co, Fe)3O4 spinel oxide (MCO) coating and a lanthanum-strontium-manganese-cobalt oxide (LSMC) contact layer at the air side was investigated. The electrochemical behavior was characterized by means of IV-characteristics, impedance spectroscopy and DRT analysis. In particular, the contact losses at the air side were measured with targeted potential probes. With respect to the contact layer mounted in a dried state, the application of a stack-like clamping pressure of 1 MPa showed a significant decrease of the contact resistance. In order to extend an existing zero-dimensional performance model for an electrolyte-supported cell with a Ni/GDC fuel electrode and LSCF air electrode, a method was established to parameterize contact losses at the air electrode. The observed activation energy of the contact losses showed to be independent of the clamping pressure. Additionally, the dependency of the cell´s intrinsic ohmic losses towards the steam partial pressure at the Ni/GDC fuel electrode was quantified and included to the model. Simulation studies were validated with experimental data for technical operating conditions.

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Section: List Of Symbolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stack-like Contacting in Solid Oxide Cells: Electrochemical Characterization and Modeling

Ewald,

Grosselindemann,

Esau

et al. 2024

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…One auspicious possibility to increase the energy system flexibility is the “power-to-gas” strategy, which aims to use the temporal excess of green electricity from wind parks and solar power plants and feed it to electrolyzer stacks . Here, the electrical energy is converted via electrolysis into chemical energy and stored in form of hydrogen. , H 2 features the highest gravimetric energy density of approximately 140 MJ/kg among common fuels and emits only water during its usage without any carbon emissions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of Ti64 via Direct Laser Interference Patterning and Its Influence on Wettability and Oxygen Bubble Nucleation

Heinrich,

Ränke,

Schwarzenberger

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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The nucleation of bubbles on solid surfaces is an important phenomenon in nature and technological processes like electrolysis. During proton-exchange membrane electrolysis, the nucleation and separation of the electrically nonconductive oxygen in the anodic cycle plays a crucial role to minimize the overpotential it causes in the system. This increases the efficiency of the process, making renewable energy sources and the "powerto-gas" strategy more viable. A promising approach is to optimize gas separation by surface functionalization in order to apply a more advantageous interface to industrial materials. In this work, the connection between the wettability and bubble nucleation of oxygen is investigated. For tailoring the wettability of Ti64 substrates, the direct laser interference patterning method is applied. A laser source with a wavelength of 1064 nm and a pulse duration of 12 ps is used to generate periodic pillar-like structures with different depths up to ∼5 μm. The resulting surface properties are characterized by water contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and X-ray photon spectroscopy. It was possible to generate structures with a water contact angle ranging from 20°up to nearly superhydrophobic conditions. The different wettabilities are validated based on X-ray photon spectroscopy and the different elemental composition of the samples. The results indicate that the surface character of the substrate adapts depending on the surrounding media and needs more time to reach a steady state for deeper structures. A custom setup is used to expose the functionalized surfaces to oxygen-oversaturated solutions. It is shown that a higher hydrophobicity of the structured surface yields a stronger interaction with the dissolved gas. This significantly enhances the oxygen nucleation up to nearly 350% by generating approximately 20 times more nucleation spots, but also smaller bubble sizes and a reduced detachment rate.

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“…The surging demand for clean energy has led to extensive research into electrolysis as a viable method for greenhouse gas-free hydrogen production [ 1 ]. Harnessing excess renewable energy from sources like wind and sunlight enables us to power electrolysis that generates clean hydrogen gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Reconstruction of the Void Fraction from Noisy Magnetic Flux Density Using Invertible Neural Networks

Kumar,

Krause,

Wondrak

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Electrolysis stands as a pivotal method for environmentally sustainable hydrogen production. However, the formation of gas bubbles during the electrolysis process poses significant challenges by impeding the electrochemical reactions, diminishing cell efficiency, and dramatically increasing energy consumption. Furthermore, the inherent difficulty in detecting these bubbles arises from the non-transparency of the wall of electrolysis cells. Additionally, these gas bubbles induce alterations in the conductivity of the electrolyte, leading to corresponding fluctuations in the magnetic flux density outside of the electrolysis cell, which can be measured by externally placed magnetic sensors. By solving the inverse problem of the Biot–Savart Law, we can estimate the conductivity distribution as well as the void fraction within the cell. In this work, we study different approaches to solve the inverse problem including Invertible Neural Networks (INNs) and Tikhonov regularization. Our experiments demonstrate that INNs are much more robust to solving the inverse problem than Tikhonov regularization when the level of noise in the magnetic flux density measurements is not known or changes over space and time.

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Technological Pathways to Produce Compressed and Highly Pure Hydrogen from Solar Power

Cited by 24 publications

References 347 publications

Stack-like Contacting in Solid Oxide Cells: Electrochemical Characterization and Modeling

Stack-like Contacting in Solid Oxide Cells: Electrochemical Characterization and Modeling

Functionalization of Ti64 via Direct Laser Interference Patterning and Its Influence on Wettability and Oxygen Bubble Nucleation

Robust Reconstruction of the Void Fraction from Noisy Magnetic Flux Density Using Invertible Neural Networks

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