Techno-economic and environmental assessment of the main biogas upgrading technologies

Lombardi, Lidia; Francini, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2020.04.083

Cited by 101 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 8, the adsorption process occurs in a high pressure (6-10 bar) column in which the biogas is washed with an HPWS and biomethane exiting the top of the column is obtained. A disadvantage of this technique is that it is affected by higher water consumption than other adsorbing techniques [114]. H2S removal from biogas can be achieved using adsorption to activated carbons impregnated with potassium iodide or H2SO4 or not impregnated (untreated) [24].…”

Section: Removal Of Hydrogen Sulfidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the external costs, the choice of upgrade technologies for each system is not affected much by the other. Considering this situation, chemical adsorption technology is preferred as it causes less CH 4 loss compared to other techniques [114]. Waterscrubbing and PSA techniques suffer from higher methane loss and lower biomethane yield than other technologies.…”

Section: Comparison Of Different Technologies To Upgrade Biogasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Critical Overview of the State-of-the-Art Methods for Biogas Purification and Utilization Processes

et al. 2021

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Biogas is one of the most attractive renewable resources due to its ability to convert waste into energy. Biogas is produced during an anaerobic digestion process from different organic waste resources with a combination of mainly CH4 (~50 mol/mol), CO2 (~15 mol/mol), and some trace gasses. The percentage of these trace gases is related to operating conditions and feedstocks. Due to the impurities of the trace gases, raw biogas has to be cleaned before use for many applications. Therefore, the cleaning, upgrading, and utilization of biogas has become an important topic that has been widely studied in recent years. In this review, raw biogas components are investigated in relation to feedstock resources. Then, using recent developments, it describes the cleaning methods that have been used to eliminate unwanted components in biogas. Additionally, the upgrading processes are systematically reviewed according to their technology, recovery range, and state of the art methods in this area, regarding obtaining biomethane from biogas. Furthermore, these upgrading methods have been comprehensively reviewed and compared with each other in terms of electricity consumption and methane losses. This comparison revealed that amine scrubbing is one the most promising methods in terms of methane losses and the energy demand of the system. In the section on biogas utilization, raw biogas and biomethane have been assessed with recently available data from the literature according to their usage areas and methods. It seems that biogas can be used as a biofuel to produce energy via CHP and fuel cells with high efficiency. Moreover, it is able to be utilized in an internal combustion engine which reduces exhaust emissions by using biofuels. Lastly, chemical production such as biomethanol, bioethanol, and higher alcohols are in the development stage for utilization of biogas and are discussed in depth. This review reveals that most biogas utilization approaches are in their early stages. The gaps that require further investigations in the field have been identified and highlighted for future research.

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Section: Removal Of Hydrogen Sulfidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Different Technologies To Upgrade Biogasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Overview of the State-of-the-Art Methods for Biogas Purification and Utilization Processes

et al. 2021

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“…2). By separating and upgrading the components of biogas, high quality (> 96% v/v) biomethane and carbon dioxide are obtained and employed for useful applications in transport fuels, natural gas grid, and chemical production (Kapoor et al, 2020;Lombardi and Francini, 2020) (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Biofuel Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorizing agricultural residues as biorefinery feedstocks: current advancements and challenges

Nguyen

Zdarta

et al. 2021

Clean Energy and Resources Recovery

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“…Upgrading technologies comprise absorption, adsorption, membrane permeation, and cryogenic strategies (Zhou et al, 2017;Kapoor et al, 2019). Among them, adsorption has attracted attention due to its environmentally friendly nature, low energy demand and capital costs (Surra et al, 2019a;Lombardi and Francini, 2020). The key element in adsorption-based processes is the need for an effective adsorbent with high adsorption capacities for the species to capture, low productions cost and low environmental impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Valorization to Produce Porous Carbons: Applications in CO2 Capture and Biogas Upgrading to Biomethane—A Mini-Review

et al. 2021

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Porous carbon materials, derived from biomass wastes and/or as by-products, are considered versatile, economical and environmentally sustainable. Recently, their high adsorption capacity has led to an increased interest in several environmental applications related to separation/purification both in liquid- and gas-phases. Specifically, their use in carbon dioxide (CO2) capture/sequestration has been a hot topic in the framework of gas adsorption applications. Cost effective biomass porous carbons with enhanced textural properties and high CO2 uptakes present themselves as attractive alternative adsorbents with potential to be used in CO2 capture/separation, apart from zeolites, commercial activated carbons and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The renewable and sustainable character of the precursor of these bioadsorbents must be highlighted in the context of a circular-economy and emergent renewable energy market to reach the EU climate and energy goals. This mini-review summarizes the current understandings and discussions about the development of porous carbons derived from bio-wastes, focusing their application to capture CO2 and upgrade biogas to biomethane by adsorption-based processes. Biogas is composed by 55–65 v/v% of methane (CH4) mainly in 35–45 v/v% of CO2. The biogas upgraded to bio-CH4 (97%v/v) through an adsorption process yields after proper conditioning to high quality biomethane and replaces natural gas of fossil source. The circular-economy impact of bio-CH4 production is further enhanced by the use of biomass-derived porous carbons employed in the production process.

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Techno-economic and environmental assessment of the main biogas upgrading technologies

Cited by 101 publications

References 59 publications

A Critical Overview of the State-of-the-Art Methods for Biogas Purification and Utilization Processes

A Critical Overview of the State-of-the-Art Methods for Biogas Purification and Utilization Processes

Valorizing agricultural residues as biorefinery feedstocks: current advancements and challenges

Biomass Valorization to Produce Porous Carbons: Applications in CO2 Capture and Biogas Upgrading to Biomethane—A Mini-Review

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