Techniques for Wound Healing with a Focus on Pressure Ulcers Elimination

Abstract

Pressure ulcers, also called decubitus ulcers, are a common challenge of humanity. They are wounds initiated by pressure on the skin that blocks circulation causing the skin and underlying tissues to die. Without care, pressure ulcers continue to grow in diameter and depth and are exceptionally difficult to heal. They have probably always existed, and are present on Egyptian mummies. Pressure ulcers are a serious health issue, very painful, a significant physiological challenge, can shorten the life of a patient, are an emotional and financial burden to the patient, those who deal with them, and in the United States alone annually costs in excess over $10 billion dollars for care and prolonged hospitalization. Pressure ulcers can develop with as little as two hours of pressure, and because even a brief lapse in avoidance of pressure leads to ulcers, they are frequently impossible to prevent, even for the most conscientious patient with an extensive support group and unlimited financial resources. Therefore, enormous effort is required to find effective and reliable techniques for preventing the initiation of ulcers and eliminating them once they develop. This review looks at the various approaches presently used and in development for the treatment of pressure ulcers, evaluates which may be best in eliminating ulcers, and discusses combinations of techniques that may be most effective in eliminating pressure ulcers.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Pressure Ulcer among Hospitalized Adults at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia, 2016: Cross-Sectional study

“…This discrepancy might be due to different characteristics of participants, disease condition of patients and sample size the participants. This study depicted that pressure ulcer was significantly associated (p<0.048) with age ,it was in line with a study conducted by Bergstron &Braden (25) ; but not supported by a survey conducted in the city of Belo Horizonte (Brazil), China, Nigeria and Bahir Dar (Felege Hiwot hospital) (25,3,9,7) . The reason not in lined to other studies might be the disease condition of patients and length of stay in hospital.…”

“…Higher prevalence in this study might be due to inappropriate nursing care, inadequate & very poor feeding habit and limited resource of pressure relieving devices. It was also found that the prevalence rate was lower than a study conducted in Brazil 16.9%, Germany 26.5%,Sweden 22.9%,Canada (Ontario) 25.7%, and Felege Hiwot hospital (Bahir Dar) 16.8 % (12,17,18,9,7) .This discrepancy might be due to different characteristics of participants, disease condition of patients and also the variation of study period &length of stay in hospital.…”

“…(3,9) . Higher prevalence in this study might be due to inappropriate nursing care, inadequate & very poor feeding habit and limited resource of pressure relieving devices.…”

“…Despite advances in medical technology and the use of formalized prevention programs based on clinical practice guidelines, the prevalence of pressure ulcers during hospitalization continues to increase (8) . Therefore, enormous effort is required to find effective and reliable techniques for preventing the initiation of ulcers and eliminating them once they develop (9) . Figure 1: Diagrammatic representation of a conceptual framework, newly developed had shown the relationship between the outcome variable and independent variables.…”

Effect of an educational program on a family caregiver's prevention and management of pressure ulcers in bedridden patients after discharge from hospitals in Palestine

“…Nose, chin, forehead, occiput, chest, back, and elbow are among the more common of the infrequent sites for pressure ulceration. [14] Presence and Location of Spasticity About half of the patients experienced muscle spasm mainly in lower limbs. This is similar to a report, [15] which indicated that contractures and spasticity often contribute by repeatedly exposing tissues to pressure through flexion of a joint.…”