Technical lignin and its potential modification routes: A mini-review

Kazzaz, Armin Eraghi; Fatehi, Pedram

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112732

Cited by 109 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Almost 90% of commercial lignin products in the world are lignosulfonates, often used as polymeric anionic dispersants. Technical lignin has also been used for civil engineering applications such as soil stabilization, asphalt stabilization, and cement additives [ 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deconstruction of Lignin: From Enzymes to Microorganisms

et al. 2021

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Lignocellulosic residues are low-cost abundant feedstocks that can be used for industrial applications. However, their recalcitrance currently makes lignocellulose use limited. In natural environments, microbial communities can completely deconstruct lignocellulose by synergistic action of a set of enzymes and proteins. Microbial degradation of lignin by fungi, important lignin degraders in nature, has been intensively studied. More recently, bacteria have also been described as able to break down lignin, and to have a central role in recycling this plant polymer. Nevertheless, bacterial deconstruction of lignin has not been fully elucidated yet. Direct analysis of environmental samples using metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metaproteomics approaches is a powerful strategy to describe/discover enzymes, metabolic pathways, and microorganisms involved in lignin breakdown. Indeed, the use of these complementary techniques leads to a better understanding of the composition, function, and dynamics of microbial communities involved in lignin deconstruction. We focus on omics approaches and their contribution to the discovery of new enzymes and reactions that impact the development of lignin-based bioprocesses.

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Section: Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deconstruction of Lignin: From Enzymes to Microorganisms

et al. 2021

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“…Physical and chemical properties of lignin affect the performance of lignin/BPP composites directly, including molecular weight, polydispersity, purity, and glass transition temperature ( T g ) . Based on different raw feedstocks and isolation processes, technical lignin varies in molecular weight, polydispersity, and purity.…”

Section: Compatibilization Methods For Lignin/bpp Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on different extraction processes, lignin possesses diverse properties, purity, and structure, and these characteristics can influence the utilization of lignin in industrial applications. There are five main types of technical lignins produced by different separation processes, and their chemical and physical properties are summarized in Table . Kraft pulping is the most dominant technology to extract lignin and accounts for 80% of the chemical pulping processes .…”

Section: Physical and Chemical Properties Of Technical Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Technical Lignin Valorization in Biodegradable Polyester-Based Plastics (BPPs)

Zhou

Wang

Xiong

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Synthetic plastics have been reshaping the planet since the early 20th century. They have brought plenty of conveniences to our lives; meanwhile, plastic wastes discarded into the environment are resistant to biodegradation, accumulating in soil, water, and even in organisms. Biodegradable polyester-based plastics (BPPs), such as polylactic acid (PLA), poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), polycaprolactone (PCL), and poly(β-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) are considered to be ecofriendly and sustainable alternatives and have thrived rapidly in the past few decades. However, the applications of BPPs have been limited by their high prices compared to conventional plastics, while blending with lowcost fillers has been deemed to be a facile and efficient solution to the foregoing issues. Technical lignin, a class of biodegradable aromatic polymers, has been extracted/isolated at a large scale as a coproduct in the conventional paper-making and the emerging lignocellulosic biorefinery industries. The economically competitive BPP composites reinforced by coproduct lignin could not only facilitate the lignin valorization but also improve the economic viability of the lignocellulosic biorefinery. At present, the key obstacle lies in the incompatibility between lignin and BPPs resulting from self-aggregation and thermal condensation of lignin due to its polyhydroxy aromatic structures. Herein, we overviewed a series of effective approaches to promote the interaction between lignin and BPPs by adding plasticizers and blocking the hydroxyl groups. Furthermore, lignin can act as functional fillers endowing lignin/BPP composites favorable versatilities and expanding their applications in the fields of flame retardant packaging, food packaging, medical materials, outside packaging, and mulching films. In the end, we review the developments of lignin/BPP blending composites in the future and propose current problems that need to be solved.

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“…Functionalization of lignin is developed to promote its potential application, which begins with amination, sulfonation, esterification, acylation, graft copolymerization, etc. − Among these, sulfonation is a promising method, and is capable to convert lignin into sulfonated materials, which can be used as adsorbents, dispersants, flocculants, and dust suppressants because of its promising dispersive ability, absorptivity, and wettability. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-Assisted Sulfonation of Lignin for the Fabrication of a High-Performance Dye Dispersant

Xiao

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Designing a valorization approach of lignin is essential to achieve "lignin-first" biorefining, which enables the economic feasibility of the lignocellulosic biorefinery industry. Herein, microwave-assisted sulfonation of lignin was investigated with multiple chemicals for the production of a lignin-based dye dispersant, and the effect of the aliphatic chain of sulfonation reagents on the dispersive performance of the sulfonated lignin was revealed. Structural characterization recommended that 1,4butanesultone exhibited the best reaction activity, and its sulfonation product (SL4) exhibited the highest molecular weight (7190 Da) and sulfonic group content (1.59 mmol•g −1 ) among all samples, because of its long aliphatic chain. The high content of sulfonic group and the high molecular weight of SL4 improved the dispersive performance with excellent high temperature stability in which the dyeing rate was 87.9%. The fiber staining effect evaluation of sulfonated lignin dispersants demonstrated that the etherification by 1,4-butanesultone could reduce the phenolic hydroxyl content of lignin to prevent the adsorption of the dispersant on fiber, limiting the fiber staining by sulfonated lignin during the dyeing process. This highly efficient lignin sulfonation can facilitate the valorization of lignin by fabricating the lignin-based dye dispersant for widespread industrial applications.

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Technical lignin and its potential modification routes: A mini-review

Cited by 109 publications

References 115 publications

Deconstruction of Lignin: From Enzymes to Microorganisms

Deconstruction of Lignin: From Enzymes to Microorganisms

Technical Lignin Valorization in Biodegradable Polyester-Based Plastics (BPPs)

Microwave-Assisted Sulfonation of Lignin for the Fabrication of a High-Performance Dye Dispersant

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