TCP Transcription Factors Involved in Shoot Development of Ma Bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro)

Abstract

Ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) is the most widely cultivated clumping bamboo in Southern China and is valuable for both consumption and wood production. The development of bamboo shoots involving the occurrence of lateral buds is unique, and it affects both shoot yield and the resulting timber. Plant-specific TCP transcription factors are involved in plant growth and development, particularly in lateral bud outgrowth and morphogenesis. However, the comprehensive information of the TCP genes in Ma bamboo remains poorly understood. In this study, 66 TCP transcription factors were identified in Ma bamboo at the genome-wide level. Members of the same subfamily had conservative gene structures and conserved motifs. The collinear analysis demonstrated that segmental duplication occurred widely in the TCP transcription factors of Ma bamboo, which mainly led to the expansion of a gene family. Cis-acting elements related to growth and development and stress response were found in the promoter regions of DlTCPs. Expression patterns revealed that DlTCPs have tissue expression specificity, which is usually highly expressed in shoots and leaves. Subcellular localization and transcriptional self-activation experiments demonstrated that the five candidate TCP proteins were typical self-activating nuclear-localized transcription factors. Additionally, the transcriptome analysis of the bamboo shoot buds at different developmental stages helped to clarify the underlying functions of the TCP members during the growth of bamboo shoots. DlTCP12-C, significantly downregulated as the bamboo shoots developed, was selected to further verify its molecular function in Arabidopsis. The DlTCP12-C overexpressing lines exhibited a marked reduction in the number of rosettes and branches compared with the wild type in Arabidopsis, suggesting that DlTCP12-C conservatively inhibits lateral bud outgrowth and branching in plants. This study provides useful insights into the evolutionary patterns and molecular functions of the TCP transcription factors in Ma bamboo and provides a valuable reference for further research on the regulatory mechanism of bamboo shoot development and lateral bud growth.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of TCP gene family in Dendrobium nobile and their role in perianth development

“…These results suggest that segmental duplication is the predominant duplication event for DnTCP genes and is the primary driver of the expansion of the TCP gene family of D. nobile . This conclusion is consistent with previous studies on Populus euphratica ( Ma et al., 2016 ), Citrus sinensis ( Liu D. H. et al., 2022 ), and Ma Bamboo ( Jin et al., 2022 ).…”

“…Since transcription factors regulate the transcription of target genes within the nucleus, DnTCPs are likely to be localized in the nucleus. Some studies have analyzed the subcellular localization of Class I TCPs ( Jin et al., 2022 ; Yang et al., 2022 ; Ren et al., 2023 ). In this study, Class I TCPs, especially DnTCP9 and DnTCP18, were selected to investigate their subcellular localization, which could have unique roles in perianth development via binding to specific MADS-box.…”

Identification and characterization of the cupin_1 domain-containing proteins in ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus) and their potential role in rhizome sprouting

“…There are 159 binding sites of TFs in DlCDP43 promoter, while the DlCDP4 promoter only contains 2 TFBS, which are GATA and HD-ZIP respectively. In previous studies, C2H2 TFs were shown to play an important role in bamboo shoot development ( Guo et al., 2022 ), and TCP TFs were implicated in rhizome bud growth and shoot development ( Jin et al., 2022 ). This led us to examine TFBS of these families in DlCDP promoters.…”

Genomic survey of TCP transcription factors in plants: Phylogenomics, evolution and their biology

“…Duplication event researches have shown that segmental duplications are the main driving force for expansion and evolution of the TCP gene family (Cannon et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2012). In support to these findings, research in Tartary buckwheat (Yang M. et al, 2022), and M. acuminata (Wang J. et al, 2022) have shown that the segmental duplication was responsible for the expansion of TCP gene family, and that the TCP gene family has undergone three WGDs during evolution. Therefore, to further understand the gene duplication events of TCP members in 17 different plant species, we computed for duplication event types using the plant duplicate gene database, PDGD (http://pdgd.njau.edu.cn8080) (Lee et al, 2012) (Figure 5).…”

“…Nonetheless, distinctions have not been made whether the class I or class II TCP subfamily was the first to appear in plant kingdom due to the fact that lower plants believed to be first forms of plant life like Marchantia polymorpha carry both classes (Sharma et al, 2013). Some predictions have displayed the CIN-like TCP sub-clade in the Class II, to be more ancestral than the CYC/TB1-like TCPs since the Class II TCPs belong to the CIN-like TCP sub-clade in the non-vascular plants (Wang J. et al, 2022). Further classifications of the TCP sequences have been shown within the phylogenetic analyses into smaller groups of high sequence similarity and possibly biological functionality.…”