Taxonomic revision of the Savanna Nightjar (Caprimulgus affinis) complex based on vocalizations reveals three species

Sangster, George; Cancino, Kim Manzon; Hutchinson, R.

doi:10.1186/s40657-021-00288-z

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A SIMPER (similarity percentage: Clarke 1993) analysis was conducted to identify which variables contributed most to any difference between the identified groups (Clarke 1993;Hammer et al 2001). The most significant variables were further examined using Cohen's d effect size (Cohen 1988), which has become the preferred method for testing differences between avian biometrics (Tobias et al 2010;Collar et al 2015;Lenhard & Lenhard 2016;Donegan 2018;Ho et al 2019;Sangster et al 2021). Finally, we included an analysis of the five suspect egrets from Cairns that instigated this study, and attempted to assign them to a specific taxon using the universal effect size (UES) diagnosability test provided by Donegan (2018) and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA, also known as canonical variate analysis).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic revision, occurrence, and identification of Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia in North Queensland, Australia

Walsh¹,

Chafer²

2022

AFO

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Between May and July 2021, five individual white egrets observed in Cairns, Queensland, Australia, appeared to have the physical characteristics of the nominate Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia in non-breeding plumage, based on the mensurate bill methodology established by Cake et al. (2016). We review the taxonomic status of the Intermediate Egret complex, including A. intermedia (breeding in Asia), A. plumifera (breeding in Australia) and A. brachyrhyncha (breeding in Africa), using the species ranking criteria of Tobias et al. (2010). We subsequently performed an expanded comparative image-based morphometric analysis of the bills of 110 A. intermedia and A. plumifera from Asian and Australasian locations, including scaled digital photographic comparisons, and several multivariate and univariate analyses, as a test of taxon identification. In addition, we used Donegan’s (2018) universal effect size to determine if the taxa could be separated using only cranial–bill morphometry. The study showed a statistically significant dissimilarity in bill morphometry between the geographic populations, with five of the 55 Australian individuals being similar to A. intermedia. These analyses support our initial suspicion that the five birds at Cairns were A. intermedia, becoming the first recorded occurrence of A. intermedia in North Queensland or the eastern coast of Australia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic revision, occurrence, and identification of Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia in North Queensland, Australia

Walsh¹,

Chafer²

2022

AFO

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“…Vocalisations have not yet been used in the species-level taxonomy of Accipitridae but may be informative for two major reasons (Sangster et al 2021). First, vocalisations often play a role in mate choice and pair bonding, so differences among populations in such vocalisations may be indicative of reproductive barriers (Slabbekoorn and Smith 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The taxonomic status of Palearctic and Nearctic populations of northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis (Aves, Accipitridae): New evidence from vocalisations

Sangster¹

2022

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The taxonomic status of the North American and Eurasian populations of northern goshawk A. gentilis has been called into question by recent molecular studies, indicating the need for additional taxonomic study. Vocalisations have long played an important role in diagnosing potentially reproductively isolated groups of birds. The chattering-type call of A. gentilis plays a role in advertisement and pair-contact, making this a suitable basis for taxonomic study of vocalisations. The data set consisted of recordings of the calls of 75 individuals of the Eurasian gentilis-group of A. gentilis, 37 of the North American atricapillus-group of A. gentilis and, for comparison, seven of Henst’s goshawk A. henstii. The three groups showed non-overlapping variation in the duration of call-notes and also showed several other highly significant differences. Discriminant Function Analysis resulted in 100% correct classification of recordings into the three groups. It is here argued that the new bioacoustic data, in combination with previous evidence of morphological, mitochondrial DNA and genomic DNA differences between Eurasian and North American A. gentilis, suggests that two species are best recognised: northern goshawk A. gentilis and American goshawk A. atricapillus. A. gentilis / A. atricapillus add to a growing list of Holarctic temperate zone taxa that have recently been recognised as separate species based on a deep phylogeographic split between Eurasian and North American populations in combination with differences in other characters. This is the first quantitative taxonomic study of vocalisations in Accipitridae.

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Integrative taxonomy of eared nightjars (Aves:Lyncornis) underscores the complementarity of morphology, vocalizations and DNA evidence

Sangster

King

Irestedt

et al. 2022

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

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The eared nightjars (Lyncornis, formerly Eurostopodus) comprise six taxa distributed from southern India and Southeast Asia to Sulawesi. Species limits in this group have not been evaluated since 1940. In this study, we use three datasets (morphology, acoustics and mitochondrial DNA) to assess the taxonomic status of taxa in this genus. Multivariate analyses of vocalizations and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA both revealed the presence of four major groups. Morphological analyses also revealed four major groups, but these agreed only in part with those identified by vocalizations and DNA. Lyncornis macrotis cerviniceps from mainland Southeast Asia and the isolated Lyncornis macrotis jacobsoni on Simeulue Island, off north-west Sumatra, differed by six diagnostic plumage characters, but could not be distinguished by their vocalizations or mitochondrial DNA. Conversely, Lyncornis macrotis macrotis from the Philippines and Lyncornis macrotis macropterus from Sulawesi differed diagnosably in song and by 5% sequence divergence but could not be diagnosed by plumage. We adopt an integrative approach and propose to recognize five monotypic species: Lyncornis temminckii, Lyncornis cerviniceps (synonym: Lyncornis bourdilloni), Lyncornis jacobsoni, Lyncornis macrotis and Lyncornis macropterus. Our study illustrates that taxonomic revisions based on single lines of evidence can underestimate diversity and underscores the importance of using multiple datasets in species-level taxonomy.

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Taxonomic revision of the Savanna Nightjar (Caprimulgus affinis) complex based on vocalizations reveals three species

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Taxonomic revision, occurrence, and identification of Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia in North Queensland, Australia

Taxonomic revision, occurrence, and identification of Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia in North Queensland, Australia

The taxonomic status of Palearctic and Nearctic populations of northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis (Aves, Accipitridae): New evidence from vocalisations

Integrative taxonomy of eared nightjars (Aves:Lyncornis) underscores the complementarity of morphology, vocalizations and DNA evidence

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