Taxonomic evaluation of the genus Enterobacter based on multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA): Proposal to reclassify E. nimipressuralis and E. amnigenus into Lelliottia gen. nov. as Lelliottia nimipressuralis comb. nov. and Lelliottia amnigena comb. nov., respectively, E. gergoviae and E. pyrinus into Pluralibacter gen. nov. as Pluralibacter gergoviae comb. nov. and Pluralibacter pyrinus comb. nov., respectively, E. cowanii, E. radicincitans, E. oryzae and E. arachidis into Kosakonia gen. nov. as Kosakonia

Brady, Carrie; Cleenwerck, Ilse; Venter, Stephanus N.; Coutinho, Teresa A.; Vos, Paul De

doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2013.03.005

Cited by 377 publications

(245 citation statements)

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“…Recently, Brady et al (2013) suggested that three nonpathogenic Enterobacter spp. (Enterobacter pulveris, Enterobacter helveticus and Enterobacter turicensis), originally excluded by Iversen et al (2008b), be included as members of Cronobacter, but the current biological basis for this suggestion does not support further revision of the taxon at this time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cronobacter spp. – opportunistic food-borne pathogens. A review of their virulence and environmental-adaptive traits

Jaradat

Mousa

Elbetieha

et al. 2014

Journal of Medical Microbiology

103

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The genus Cronobacter consists of a diverse group of Gram-negative bacilli and comprises seven species: Cronobacter sakazakii, Cronobacter malonaticus, Cronobacter muytjensii, Cronobacter turicensis, Cronobacter dublinensis, Cronobacter universalis and Cronobacter condimenti. Cronobacter are regarded as opportunistic pathogens, and have been implicated in newborn and infant infections, causing meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis and bacteraemia or sepsis. Cronobacter virulence is believed to be due to multiple factors. Some strains were found to produce diarrhoea or cause significant fluid accumulation in suckling mice. Two iron acquisition systems (eitCBAD and iucABCD/iutA), Cronobacter plasminogen activator gene (cpa), a 17 kb type VI secretion system (T6SS), and a 27 kb filamentous haemagglutinin gene (fhaBC) and associated putative adhesins locus are harboured on a family of RepFIB-related plasmids (pESA3 and pCTU1), suggesting that these are common virulence plasmids; 98 % of 229 tested Cronobacter strains possessed these plasmids. Even though pESA3 and pCTU1 share a common backbone composed of the repA gene and eitCBAD and iucABCD/iutA gene clusters, the presence of cpa, T6SS and FHA loci depended on species, demonstrating a strong correlation with the presence of virulence traits, plasmid type and species. Other factors were observed, in that Cronobacter form biofilms, and show unusual resistance to heat, dry and acid stress growth conditions. The outer-membrane protein A is probably one of the bestcharacterized virulence markers of Cronobacter. Furthermore, it was reported that Cronobacter employ phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/Akt signalling, which activates protein kinase C-a and impairs the host cell's mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, in order to invade cells. Cronobacter can also use immature dendritic cells and macrophages to escape the immune response. This review addresses the various virulence and environmental-adaptive characteristics possessed by members of the genus Cronobacter.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cronobacter spp. – opportunistic food-borne pathogens. A review of their virulence and environmental-adaptive traits

Jaradat

Mousa

Elbetieha

et al. 2014

Journal of Medical Microbiology

103

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“…To elucidate intra-and inter-generic relationships, it has been recommended to analyse more than one gene sequence, to reduce possible ambiguities caused by genetic recombination or specific selection. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of concatenated partial gyrB, rpoB, infB and atpD gene sequences has been suggested to be a valuable tool for classification of the genera and species of Enterobacteriaceae (Brady et al, 2008(Brady et al, , 2013. The phylogenetic tree based on concatenation of these four gene sequences was preferred over trees based on single gene sequences for species identification in the genus Pantoea (Brady et al, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pantoea theicola sp. nov., isolated from black tea

Tanaka¹,

Horie²,

Mochida³

et al. 2015

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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A Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic strain was isolated from black tea. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain QC88-366 T was grouped into the genus Pantoea, being related most closely to the type strains of Pantoea gaviniae (98.5 %) and Pantoea calida (98.3 %); sequence similarities were #97.0 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Pantoea. Multilocus sequence analysis based on partial sequences of the gyrB, rpoB, infB and atpD genes also revealed P. gaviniae and P. calida as the closest phylogenetic relatives. The fatty acid profile showed the major fatty acids of strain QC88-366 T were C 16 : 0 , C 16 : 1 and C 18 : 1 , the same as those of its closest related species. However, the ratio of C 16 : 1 , C 17 : 0 cyclo, C 18 : 1 and C 18 : 2 differed slightly compared with those of the related neighbours. In addition, the results of physiological and biochemical tests also allowed the phenotypic differentiation of strain QC88-366 T from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. The G+C content of the DNA was 57.2 mol%. Strain QC88-366 T therefore represents a novel species of the genus Pantoea, for which the name Pantoea theicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is QC88-366 T (5DSM 29212 T 5NBRC 110557 T ).In food hygiene management, bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae have been used as indicators to judge possible contamination and inadequate sterilization of food products. In particular, their presence in non-sterilized or pasteurized foods, for example powdered infant formula and milk, indicates a potential risk of food poisoning by pathogenic enteric bacteria. It is a requirement that some commercial additives to pasteurized food show no presence of Enterobacteriaceae. During our investigation of the microbial flora associated with black tea leaves, strain QC88-366 T was isolated as a surviving Enterobacteriaceae after heat treatment sterilization. The result of partial 59 end 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain QC88-366 T was related to the family Enterobacteriaceae, but it could not be identified to the species level. This study deals with the further characterization of strain QC88-366 T and shows that it represents a novel species of the genus Pantoea.Strain QC88-366 T was obtained from black tea extract heated at 90 8C for 12 min. The tea extract was suspended in sterilized water, inoculated in mTGC medium (Nissui) and incubated under anaerobic conditions for 48 h at 35 8C. The culture was then plated on plate count agar (PCA; Merck) and incubated for 24 h at 35 8C. A single colony was picked up and streaked onto a PCA plate, and the pure culture was preliminarily identified based on 59 end partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis using a MicroSeq 500 bacterial identification kit (Life Technologies). Thus, strain QC88-366 T was obtained and initial analysis indicated that it belonged to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Reference type strains of related Enterobacteriaceae were obtained from the Belgian Coordinated Collections of Microor...

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“…nov. (61) is a newly characterized Gram-negative bacillus isolated from a toothbrush holder, with taxonomy subsequently accepted by IJSEM (62). Brady et al (63) described taxonomic reclassification of Enterobacter oryzae and Enterobacter turicensis as Kosakonia oryzae comb. nov. and Cronobacter zurichensis nom.…”

Section: Potential Emerging Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

What's in a Name? New Bacterial Species and Changes to Taxonomic Status from 2012 through 2015

Munson

Carroll

2017

J Clin Microbiol

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Technological advancements in fields such as molecular genetics and the human microbiome have resulted in an unprecedented recognition of new bacterial genus/species designations by the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. Knowledge of designations involving clinically significant bacterial species would benefit clinical microbiologists in the context of emerging pathogens, performance of accurate organism identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In anticipation of subsequent taxonomic changes being compiled by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology on a biannual basis, this compendium summarizes novel species and taxonomic revisions specific to bacteria derived from human clinical specimens from the calendar years 2012 through 2015.KEYWORDS anaerobes, bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, taxonomy H uman microbiome studies, particularly those involving genome sequencing, have resulted in a seeming explosion of novel bacterial taxonomy. While many of these organisms appear to play a commensal role in site-specific ecology, some of the organisms may be of clinical significance in various patient populations. Moreover, enhanced studies of known bacterial genomes in a variety of applications, including those of an epidemiologic nature, have given rise to revisions and amendments to accepted bacterial taxonomy. Summaries of microbial taxonomy updates, such as those introduced in this edition of the Journal of Clinical Microbiology, are essential to routine practice in the clinical microbiology laboratory.Since 2014, laboratories subscribing to the College of American Pathologists accreditation program have encountered checklist standard MIC.11375 in the context of biennial inspection exercises. The standard (1) requires laboratories to assimilate "taxonomic changes that potentially affect the choice of appropriate antimicrobials to report and/or the interpretative breakpoints to use." Cited as an example for the context of this standard is the Gram-negative bacillus with the former taxonomic designation Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The taxonomic revision in 1985 (2) resulting in organism classification within the genus Haemophilus subsequently enabled antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinically significant isolates using standards outlined in Table 2E of CLSI supplement M100S (example provided in [3]). Haemophilus test medium, with a 16-to 18-hour incubation in 5% CO 2 enrichment, could be utilized for disk diffusion. Haemophilus test medium broth could also be inoculated for broth microdilution testing with 20-to 24-hour incubation in ambient air.Subsequent reclassification of this organism into the genus Aggregatibacter (4) has resulted in the transition of susceptibility testing guidelines to those specific to (former) HACEK group organisms (Aggregatibacter spp., Cardiobacterium spp., Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella spp.) in Table 9 of the CLSI guideline M45 (5).

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Cited by 377 publications

References 46 publications

Cronobacter spp. – opportunistic food-borne pathogens. A review of their virulence and environmental-adaptive traits

Cronobacter spp. – opportunistic food-borne pathogens. A review of their virulence and environmental-adaptive traits

Pantoea theicola sp. nov., isolated from black tea

What's in a Name? New Bacterial Species and Changes to Taxonomic Status from 2012 through 2015

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