Taurine loaded chitosan-pectin nanoparticle shows curative effect against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats

Dual role of melatonin as an anti-colitis and anti-extra intestinal alterations against acetic acid-induced colitis model in rats

“…In our investigation, MPO and MDA levels were shown to be elevated in the colon tissue of the colitis control group, whereas GSH levels were found to be decreased. These observations come in parallel with prior investigations 14 , 32 , 33 . Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is reduced in both IBD phenotypes 7 .…”

“…Organs of each rat (including Liver, Kidney, Spleen, and colon) were collected from all experimental groups at the end of the study, then fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned into 4–5 µm sections, deparaffinized in xylene, hydrated and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and then examined by light microscope by a pathologist who is unware of the experimental design. Histopathological scoring of colitis was done according to Ahmed et al 14 ; the damage score assigned for each section was from (0 to 3) for each of the five parameters, including mucosal necrosis (0: No necrosis, 1: Focal necrosis/erosion, 2: Partially necrotic/ulcerated, 3: Totally necrotic/ulcerated), mucosal inflammatory cells infiltration (0: No inflammatory cells, 1: Mild 2: Moderate, 3: Marked), submucosal inflammatory cells infiltration (0: No inflammatory cells, 1: Mild, 2: Moderate, 3: Marked), fibrosis (0: No fibrosis, 1: Mild, 2: Moderate, 3: Marked), and finally submucosal edema (0: No edema, 1: Mild, 2: Moderate, 3: Marked). The total histopathological score for each group colon was calculated by the mean of 5 parameters of 8 colon samples collected from each group.…”

“…On the other hand, these treatment approaches have limited good benefits and are associated with adverse side effects 13 . Recent research has revealed that the administration of antioxidants that also have anti-inflammatory properties, such as melatonin, may be beneficial in treating IBD 14 . The fact that melatonin is naturally produced in the GIT, in addition to the pineal gland, has been documented 15 , 16 .…”

Advances in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Focus on polysaccharide nanoparticulate drug delivery systems

“…Chemical crosslinking (e.g., glutaraldehyde) or ionic crosslinking (e.g., tripolyphosphate (TPP)) are the most commonly used methods to make chitosan nanoparticles insoluble in acidic media. 258,259 Hybrid multifunctional nanoparticles composed of a blend of chitosan and anionic polysaccharides such as alginate 218,[260][261][262][263][264] , hyaluronan, 265,266 pectins, 258 fucoidans, 267,268 or carboxymethyl starch 269 showed promise to deliver the drug to the colon and to control its release. Ahmed et al, 258 demonstrated that the administration of taurine encapsulated in chitosan/pectin nanoparticles exerted beneficial effects in induced colitis in rats thanks to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.…”

Melatonin relieves diabetic complications and regenerates pancreatic beta cells by the reduction in NF-kB expression in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

“…Sprague dawley male rats (10 weeks old; weighting; 170–220 g) were purchased from National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR, Cairo, Egypt). On arrival, rats were housed in conventional cages for one week before the experiment for acclimatization ( Ahmed et al, 2022 , Farid et al, 2013 , Farid et al, 2021 ). Rats were maintained at controlled temperature (21 ± 2 °C) and on a 12 h dark–light cycle.…”