Taurine Alters Respiratory Gas Exchange and Nutrient Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Harada, Nagakatsu; Ninomiya, Chika; Y, Osako; Miyamoto, Masaki; Mawatari, Kazuaki; Takahashi, Akira; Nakaya, Yutaka

doi:10.1038/oby.2004.135

Cited by 37 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…2B). This effect of taurine treatment is in agreement with some rodent studies that showed taurine administration attenuated the increase of blood glucose concentration during glucose tolerance testing [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] . In general, most glucose (>80%) is taken up by skeletal muscle 21) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Although we should consider that there are possibilities that taurine admin- treatment is stimulation of insulin secretion. Some studies demonstrated that taurine administration improved glucose tolerance in rodents without altering the plasma insulin concentration 11,13) ; whereas others reported that taurine administration increased insulin secretion from islets 14,16,17) . In our experiment, no significant difference was observed in the plasma insulin concentration between the two groups ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glycogen repletion in skeletal muscle after exercise is one of the major determinants of performance during subsequent exercise since higher pre-exercise glycogen content in skeletal muscle resulted in improving performance during both prolonged endurance and high-intensity intermittent exercise [2][3][4][5] . Some rodent studies have shown the possibility that taurine administration enhances glucose uptake in tissues [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] , which is one of the limiting factors for glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle. Therefore, we hypothesized that taurine administration enhanced postexercise glycogen repletion in skeletal muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results suggest that taurine administration has some positive effects during the post-exercise phase. Some rodent studies have demonstrated the possibility that taurine administration enhances glucose uptake, one of the rate-limiting factors for glycogen resynthesis in skeletal muscle [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] . Moreover, Kulakowski et al showed that a single dose of taurine was able to increase glycogen content in the liver at resting state in non-diabetic rats 11) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-exercise taurine administration enhances glycogen repletion in tibialis anterior muscle

Takahashi

Matsunaga

Tamura

et al. 2014

JPFSM

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Previous studies suggested that taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) administration enhances glucose uptake, one of the rate-limiting factors for glycogen synthesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of post-exercise taurine administration on glycogen repletion in skeletal muscle in ICR mice. In experiment 1, we orally administered either taurine (0.5 mg/ g body weight) solution or physiological saline immediately after treadmill running at 25 m/ min for 90 min. The serum free fatty acid (FFA) concentration at 60 min after the exercise was significantly higher in the taurine-treated group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). At 120 min after the exercise, the tibialis anterior muscle glycogen concentration in the taurinetreated group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). In experiment 2, we orally administered either glucose (1 mg/g body weight) solution or glucose solution containing taurine immediately after and at 60 min after the exercise. The area under the curve (AUC) for blood glucose concentration from 0 to 60 min after the exercise was significantly smaller in the taurine-treated group compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Our results show that post-exercise taurine administration enhances glycogen repletion in skeletal muscle. Higher skeletal muscle glycogen concentration by taurine administration may be partly due to the acceleration of glucose uptake. In addition, as the elevation of blood FFA level leads to an increase in fat oxidation, it is possible that a higher serum FFA concentration by taurine treatment is related to the sparing of carbohydrate for glycogen repletion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-exercise taurine administration enhances glycogen repletion in tibialis anterior muscle

Takahashi

Matsunaga

Tamura

et al. 2014

JPFSM

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“…However, the combination effect of carnitine and other nutrients in beef extract could not be ruled out as suggested by Askew et al (37), which needs to be examined in future studies. For example, it is reported that taurine also decreased body fat (38). Individual muscle contains fiber types in different combinations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beef Extract Supplementation Increases Leg Muscle Mass and Modifies Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types in Rats

Yoshihara

Wakamatsu

Kawabata

et al. 2006

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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SummaryThe objective of this research was to investigate the effects of beef extract on fat metabolism, muscle mass and muscle fiber types in rats. We also investigated the synergetic effect of endurance exercise. Twenty-four male rats weighing about 270 g were assigned to two diets containing 0 or 6% beef extract (BE). Half the rats fed each diet were subjected to compulsory exercise (CE) for 30 min every other day. After 4 weeks feeding, the blood was collected and various organs were dissected. The muscle fiber type of the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were evaluated by histochemical and electrophoretical analyses. Rats supplemented with BE showed a decrease in fat content in liver and abdomen and an increase in the activity of carnitine palmitoyl transferase II in liver. BE as well as exercise increased the relative weights of both soleus and EDL. BE alone and BE plus CE did not affect the distribution of muscle fiber types in soleus. BE without exercise decreased in type IIb of EDL from 54% to 44% with compensatory increase in type IIa from 41% to 49% and type I from 5% to 7% compared with the nonsupplemented, nonexercised control group. No synergetic effect on a fast to slow fiber conversion due to the combination of BE and CE was detected. Thus, BE supplement increased muscle mass and slow type fiber in EDL. The effects of BE supplement on muscle characteristics were similar to those of exercise. Key Words beef extract, fat metabolism, muscle fiber type, muscle mass, L -carnitine A great deal of research has been done to elucidate the general nutritional value of beef on the growth of human subjects and the effects of protein quality and exercise on the growth and protein metabolism of animals and human beings ( 1-3 ). However, existing information about the nutritional effects of beef extract on muscle metabolism is not sufficient.Skeletal muscle is composed of at least three fiber types on the basis of their contractile and energy metabolic properties; type I fibers exhibit an aerobic energy metabolism (slow-twitch fiber), type IIb fibers are predominantly glycolytic (fast-twitch fiber) and type IIa fibers are the intermediate type exhibiting both oxidative and glycolytic metabolisms. Lipids are easily accumulated in type I fibers ( 4 ), while glycogen depletion occurs primarily in the type II ( 5 ). It is well known that cross-reinnervation, electrical stimulation or exercise evokes the fiber type conversion, although the molecular mechanisms mediating the transformation are not clearly elucidated ( 6 , 7 ). This means that skeletal muscle cells possess a capacity to respond and adapt to metabolic changes imposed by physical stimulation or neural stimulation. Concretely, endurance exercise requiring the consumption of oxygen stimulates a shift to the slow twitch, oxidative muscle fibers ( 8 ). The fiber types of adult skeletal muscle are closely related to energy metabolic characteristics as described above. Nutrition-induced regulation in mRNA levels for a number of metabolic gene...

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The Effect of Long-Term Taurine Supplementation and Fructose Feeding on Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis in Wistar Rats

Larsen¹,

Ørstrup²,

Hansen³

et al. 2013

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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The nonprotein amino acid taurine has been shown to counteract the negative effects of a high-fructose diet in rats with regard to insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Here we examined the long-term (26 weeks) effects of oral taurine supplementation (2% in the drinking water) in fructose-fed Wistar rats.The combination of fructose and taurine caused a significant increase in fasting glucose compared to the control diet without changing hepatic phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase mRNA levels. The combination of fructose and taurine also improved glucose tolerance compared to control. Neither a high-fructose diet nor taurine supplementation induced significant changes in body weight, body fat or total calorie intake, fasting insulin levels, HOMA-IR, or insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation in skeletal muscle.Fructose alone caused a decrease in liver triglyceride content, with taurine supplementation preventing this. There was no effect of long-term fructose diet and/or taurine supplementation on plasma triglycerides, plasma nonesterified fatty acids, as well as plasma HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol.In conclusion, the study suggests that long-term taurine supplementation improves glucose tolerance and normalize hepatic triglyceride content following long-term fructose feeding. However, as the combination of taurine and fructose also increased fasting glucose levels, the beneficial effect of taurine supplementation towards amelioration of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance may be questionable.

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Taurine Alters Respiratory Gas Exchange and Nutrient Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Cited by 37 publications

References 38 publications

Post-exercise taurine administration enhances glycogen repletion in tibialis anterior muscle

Post-exercise taurine administration enhances glycogen repletion in tibialis anterior muscle

Beef Extract Supplementation Increases Leg Muscle Mass and Modifies Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types in Rats

The Effect of Long-Term Taurine Supplementation and Fructose Feeding on Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis in Wistar Rats

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