Targeted down-regulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes for forage quality improvement in alfalfa (
            <i>Medicago sativa</i>
            L.)

Reddy, M.R.; Chen, Fang; Shadle, Gail; Jackson, Lisa A.; Aljoe, Hugh; Dixon, Richard A.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0505749102

Cited by 316 publications

(361 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…No shift in S/G ratio can be inferred. These observation confirm previously reported observations by Bjurhager et al (2010) in the studied aspen genotype, Sewalt et al (1997) in tobacco, and Reddy et al (2005) in alfalfa. This further emphasizes the key role played by this enzyme in lignin biosynthesis.…”

Section: Morphological Effects Of Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase Down-regulasupporting

confidence: 93%

Anatomical and Immunocoverage Observations on SuSy, C4H, and Pectate Lyase Family Protein Down-regulated Aspens Genotypes

Sandquist¹,

Norell²,

Takabe³

et al. 2015

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This study aims to complement previous studies on down-regulation of sucrose synthase and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase in hybrid aspen (Bjurhager et al. 2010;Gerber et al. 2014) with a quantitative anatomical comparison (Sandquist et al. 2015). The main focus was placed on evaluating quantitative modifications to fiber morphology and lignin composition. This was achieved by combining results from light-, electron-, and UV-microscopy together with histochemical staining. Overall there was good agreement between the morphological results in this study compared to the previously published chemical and physical reports, particularly on cinnamate 4-hydroxylase down-regulated aspen. The previously reported statistical correlations between fiber lumen area and plant diameter, and fiber length and tree height (Sandquist et al. 2015) have been further refined. Knock-down of genes coding for biologically important proteins such as sucrose synthase and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase had broad spanning morphological impacts. Downregulated sucrose synthase genotype showed significantly reduced fiber development, possibly with altered S/G ratio. Down-regulated cinnamate 4-hydroxylase genotype showed an overall reduction of lignin in fibers as indicated from both chemical staining and UV-microscopy measurements. Down-regulated pectate lyase genotype showed no overall significant effects on fiber morphology, ultrastructural, nor lignin staining.

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Section: Morphological Effects Of Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase Down-regulasupporting

confidence: 93%

Anatomical and Immunocoverage Observations on SuSy, C4H, and Pectate Lyase Family Protein Down-regulated Aspens Genotypes

Sandquist¹,

Norell²,

Takabe³

et al. 2015

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“…Primer pairs for plant genotyping were as follows: left primer, 5′-GTGTCGTAGAGGCTTTGCTTG-3′; right primer, 5′-TTGTGGAAA-TATTTCCGGTTG-3′; and LBb1.3, 5′-ATTTTGCCGATTTCGGAAC-3′. Alfalfa antisense lines analyzed were as described previously (5,34,35). For the specific lines used, see SI Materials and Methods.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salicylic acid mediates the reduced growth of lignin down-regulated plants

Gallego‐Giraldo

Escamilla‐Treviño

Jackson

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Down-regulation of the enzyme hydroxycinnamoyl CoA: shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) in thale cress ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) and alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) leads to strongly reduced lignin levels, reduced recalcitrance of cell walls to sugar release, but severe stunting of the plants. Levels of the stress hormone salicylic acid (SA) are inversely proportional to lignin levels and growth in a series of transgenic alfalfa plants in which lignin biosynthesis has been perturbed at different biosynthetic steps. Reduction of SA levels by genetically blocking its formation or causing its removal restores growth in HCT–down-regulated Arabidopsis , although the plants maintain reduced lignin levels. SA-mediated growth inhibition may occur via interference with gibberellic acid signaling or responsiveness. Our data place SA as a central component in growth signaling pathways that either sense flux into the monolignol pathway or respond to secondary cell-wall integrity, and indicate that it is possible to engineer plants with highly reduced cell-wall recalcitrance without negatively impacting growth.

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“…For example in transgenic maize have been reported that overexpression of GH11 (xynB) gene lead to enhances biomass enzymatic digestibility [93], while in poplar have showed that GH10 (xyn10A) gene by RANi silencing increasing biomass yield [94].…”

Section: Hemicellulose Biosynthesis and Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Genetic Manipulation of Lignocellulose to Reduce Biomass Recalcitrance and Enhance Biofuel Production in Bioenergy Crops

Madadi¹,

Penga²,

Abbas³

2017

J Plant Biochem Physiol

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Lignocellulose biomass derived from plant cell walls is a rich source of biopolymers for the production of biofuels. Biomass recalcitrance is the noticeable and main features of lignocellulose which can reduces by genetic modification of plant cell wall. The aim of the present review is to provide the reader a new insight for enhancing biomass yield and biofuels production. This can be issued by focusing on major perennial grasses, cereal crops and woody feedstock which have high biomass yield or large biomass residues and also the effects of distinctive cell wall polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin) on the enzymatic saccharification of biomass under different pretreatments. Moreover the present review paper will also major gene candidates which are involved plant cell wall biosynthesis, degradation and modification for improving biomass yield and digestibility in transgenic plants and genetic mutants.

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Targeted down-regulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes for forage quality improvement in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)

Cited by 316 publications

References 52 publications

Anatomical and Immunocoverage Observations on SuSy, C4H, and Pectate Lyase Family Protein Down-regulated Aspens Genotypes

Anatomical and Immunocoverage Observations on SuSy, C4H, and Pectate Lyase Family Protein Down-regulated Aspens Genotypes

Salicylic acid mediates the reduced growth of lignin down-regulated plants

Advances in Genetic Manipulation of Lignocellulose to Reduce Biomass Recalcitrance and Enhance Biofuel Production in Bioenergy Crops

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