Tannins and Their Complex Interaction with Different Organic Nitrogen Compounds and Enzymes: Old Paradigms versus Recent Advances

Adamczyk, Bartosz; Simon, Judy; Kitunen, Veikko; Adamczyk, Sylwia; Smolander, Aino

doi:10.1002/open.201700113

Cited by 138 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…Overall, our results indicate that condensed tannins may not necessarily act as enzyme inhibitors, as was reported in most previous studies, but as enzyme activity modifiers ( Adamczyk et al., , ). The interactions between condensed tannins with enzymes rely on both the structure of tannins and the type of enzymes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In addition, the more significant inhibition of enzyme activity caused by the light-fraction tannins in our study is probably due to their higher PD:PC ratio in the structure. Because the most crucial feature of tannin-protein complexes is the crosslink of phenolic sites of tannins with proteins (Adamczyk et al, 2017a(Adamczyk et al, , 2017b, and PD monomers bear-2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim www.plant-soil.com ing three hydroxyl groups are more reactive than PC monomers bearing two hydroxyl groups (Hernes et al, 2001), the light-fraction tannins may thus have had stronger interactions with the soil enzymes than the heavy-fraction analogs, which led to the significantly lowered enzyme activity.…”

Section: Responses Of Enzyme Activity To Litter Tanninsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Net nitrogen mineralization and enzyme activities in an alpine meadow soil amended with litter tannins

Zong

Wang

Qiu

et al. 2018

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Condensed tannins in plant litter play an important role in soil nitrogen (N) cycling at the plant–soil interface. However, how soil net N mineralization is affected by litter tannins through their interactions with soil enzymes remains unclear. The aims of our study are to explore the effects of litter tannins with different structures on soil net N mineralization and on the activities of soil enzymes that are directly or indirectly related to N mineralization. Soils were collected from a Tibetan alpine meadow community dominated by a tannin‐rich forb species, Polygonum viviparum. Condensed tannins purified from the litter were separated into the light‐fraction and heavy‐fraction tannins, with the former having a lower mean degree of polymerization and a higher prodelphinidin:procyanidin (PD:PC) monomer ratio in the structure than the latter. Soils were amended with the light‐fraction, heavy‐fraction, and unfractionated tannins, and then incubated for four weeks. The dynamics of soil enzyme activities and soil net N mineralization were monitored during the incubation. The results show that among the enzyme activities tested, the activities of laccase and peroxidase were significantly inhibited by the three tannins, whereas the activity of polyphenol oxidase was only significantly suppressed by the heavy‐fraction tannins. The overall activity of urease was not significantly affected by the tannin additions. In contrast, the activity of N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase was significantly enhanced by the three tannins. These results suggest that the interactions between litter tannins and soil enzymes rely on both the structure of the tannins and the type of enzymes. Soil net N mineralization was significantly decreased by the three tannins, which could be attributed to the decreased net ammonification and increased immobilization of inorganic N. The light‐fraction tannins caused a more pronounced inhibitory effect on soil net N mineralization than the heavy‐fraction and unfractionated tannins, probably due to the stronger interaction of the PD monomers with soil enzymes and soil organic N compounds than the PC monomers. Overall, this study indicates that litter tannins with different structures could exert different effects on the activities of soil enzymes as well as on soil net N mineralization, which is important for interpreting the role of different litter tannins in N cycling at the plant–soil interface.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Responses Of Enzyme Activity To Litter Tanninsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net nitrogen mineralization and enzyme activities in an alpine meadow soil amended with litter tannins

Zong

Wang

Qiu

et al. 2018

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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“…The production of UVACs, molecularly considered N‐compounds with photoprotection and antioxidant capacities (Adamczyk et al. ), implied a higher relevance of nitrogen accumulation in tissues in the studied charophytes. These mechanisms of maintaining the integrity of DNA in response to genotoxic stress, such as increasing UVR, are largely considered a conservative, ancient, and general adaptation of cellular stress (Pierce et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antagonistic effect of UV radiation on warming or nitrate enrichment depends on ecotypes of freshwater macroalgae (Charophytes)

Rojo

Puche

Rodrigo

2019

Journal of Phycology

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Increases in ultraviolet radiation (UVR), a negative global change factor, affect aquatic primary producers. This effect is expected to be modulated by other global change factors, and to be different for populations adapted to different environments. A common garden experimental approach using freshwater green macroalgae, the cosmopolitan charophyte species Chara hispida and C. vulgaris, allowed us to test whether the beneficial increases in water temperature (T) and nitrate concentration (N) mitigate negative UVR effects. Also, whether these interactions would be not only species–specific but also according to the origin of the population; therefore, two populations of each species were used: one from a coastal wetland and the other from a mountain lake. Two factorial‐design experiments were performed: (i) the presence and absence of UVR × lower and higher T × four populations, and (ii) the presence and absence of UVR × lower and higher N × four populations. Response variables were: growth, morphometry, UVR‐protective compounds, photosynthetic pigments, and stoichiometric composition. There were consistent response patterns in the key variables that represent different organization levels. Our main results showed that both warming and, to a lesser extent, the increase in nutrients ameliorated the negative effects of UVR on the molecular processes involved in acclimation to UVR, and that such a mitigating effect depended on the different phenotypic plasticity of each species and each ecotype. The coastal populations, being from a more variable environment, were more resilient than the mountain populations, mainly because of changes in growth and morphology.

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“…In addition, tannin‐protein complexes, though recalcitrant, may be decomposed by basidiomycete fungi via their polyphenol oxidases, so formation of tannin‐protein complexes can be beneficial for plants in symbiosis with mycorrhiza which can access N from protein‐tannin complexes . However, newest findings expand the role of tannins for C stabilization even further: tannins interact not only with proteins, but also with other N‐containing compounds, such as chitin, nitrogen bases, polyamines, and arginine . In boreal forest ecosystems, plants produce astonishing amounts of tannins and their associated ectomycorrhizal fungi are also very abundant – their hyphal biomass reaching up to 600 kg ha −1 .…”

Section: The Influence Of the Interactions Between Root Litter And Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Carbon Sequestration in Highly Organic Ecosystems – Importance of Chemical Ecology

2020

Self Cite

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Organic matter decomposition plays a major role in the cycling of carbon (C) and nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems across the globe. Climate change accelerates the decomposition rate to potentially increase the release of greenhouse gases and further enhance global warming in the future. However, fractions of organic matter vary in turnover times and parts are stabilized in soils for longer time periods (C sequestration). Overall, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying C sequestration is needed for the development of effective mitigation policies to reduce land-based production of greenhouse gases. Known mechanisms of C sequestration include the recalcitrance of C input, interactions with soil minerals, aggregate formation, as well as its regulation via abiotic factors. In this Minireview, we discuss the mechanisms behind C sequestration including the recently emerging significance of biochemical interactions between organic matter inputs that lead to C stabilization.

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Tannins and Their Complex Interaction with Different Organic Nitrogen Compounds and Enzymes: Old Paradigms versus Recent Advances

Cited by 138 publications

References 47 publications

Net nitrogen mineralization and enzyme activities in an alpine meadow soil amended with litter tannins

Net nitrogen mineralization and enzyme activities in an alpine meadow soil amended with litter tannins

The antagonistic effect of UV radiation on warming or nitrate enrichment depends on ecotypes of freshwater macroalgae (Charophytes)

Mechanisms of Carbon Sequestration in Highly Organic Ecosystems – Importance of Chemical Ecology

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