Tannerella forsythia, an orthodontic point of view

Abstract

Introduction: Tannerella forsythia, is an anaerobic, Gram-negative microorganism closely related to periodontal disease. Factors such as poor dental hygiene, fixed orthodontic appliances, etc. can cause dysbiosis in the bacterial community. Objective: To analyze the literature about the epidemiology, diagnostic methods, oral manifestations, relationship with systemic diseases and treatment of Tannerella forsythia in orthodontic patients. Methodology: Using the keywords "T. forsythia", "orthodontics", "oral manifestations", "diagnostics", "treatment" and "epidemiology", the main public databases were searched, with emphasis on the last 5 years. It was evaluated with the PRISMA and AMSTAR-2 guidelines. Results: At the national level, in 2019, cases of gingivitis and periodontal disease ranked fifth among the twenty main causes of diseases. As a diagnostic method, most of the studies used molecular biology (PCR) for the identification of bacterial DNA. Very few studies performed cultures for identification. T. forsythia is capable of inducing characteristic signs of gingivitis and periodontal disease. Non-surgical mechanical therapy remains the gold standard in its treatment. There are multiple diseases that can be related to the presence of T. forsythia, so its medical importance becomes more relevant and its control, essential. Conclusion: T. forsythia is closely related to periodontal disease. Its presence is mainly found in the easily accumulated plaque in patients with fixed appliances. It is essential to diagnose it for a treatment that can avoid harm to the patient.

Tannerella forsythia: A periodontopathic pathogen review

“…Molecular biology tests can be used, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), as well as the ELISA test. On the other hand, taking into account that periodontal disease is strictly developed by the presence and interaction of T. forsythia together with the others, clinical diagnostic methods are also taken into account, such as gingival bleeding rates, pocket depth and in periapical lesions the presence of inflammation and pain [11,16] . In a study carried out in pregnant women to study the presence and activity of periodontopathogenic bacteria, saliva samples were taken from the patients and then PCR tests were performed on each of them to quantitatively detect the amount of the 4 periodontopathogenic bacteria studied.…”

An In Vivo Study on the Development of Bacterial Microbiome on Clear Orthodontic Retainer

“…It has been found to aid in caries development and enamel decalcification, and has been seen in areas of white-spot lesions and gingivitis post orthodontics [ 5 , 6 , 7 ] and gingivitis [ 8 , 9 ]. A systematic review found that the levels of these bacteria increased during orthodontic treatment, and three months after removal there was a significant reduction in the number of these pathogens [ 10 ]. The frequency of subgingival pathogenic bacteria was found to increase one month after the beginning of orthodontic treatment, and stayed consistently high for up to three months after the removal of orthodontic appliances [ 11 ].…”