Tamoxifen-induced alterations in the expression of selected matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, -9, -10, and −13) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-2 and -3) in the chicken ovary

Chronic fluoxetine treatment impairs motivation and reward learning by affecting neuronal plasticity in the central amygdala

“…Nevertheless, potential sex differences in the processing of MMP‐9 (Griffiths, Madden, Edwards, Zup, & Stary, 2019) together with evidence that females may metabolize fluoxetine faster than males, hence maybe more susceptive to alterations in dosage and to withdrawal (Hodes, Hill‐Smith, Suckow, Cooper, & Lucki, 2010), calls for more basic research on the subject. Specifically, since interplay of oestrogen and its receptors in various tissues with MMP‐9 (Ahmad, Chen, Wang, & Kapila, 2018; Chen & Khalil, 2017; Foresta et al, 2010; Hu et al, 2006; Lewandowski et al, 2006; Lobo, 2008; Pan et al, 2020; Wolak & Hrabia, 2020; Zhao et al, 2019) and perineuronal nets (Batista & Hensch, 2019; Lin et al, 2018; Uriarte, Ferreño, Méndez, & Nogueira, 2020) was previously reported, studying the potential role of the oestrous cycle in the molecular mechanisms related to longitudinal fluoxetine intake seems especially interesting avenue of research. However, in our findings longitudinal design of the testing protocols, including 5‐day‐long assessment of reward learning, excludes the possibility that observed effects are attributable to a specific hormonal phase, such studies might put the present results in a new context.…”

MiR-34a-5p promotes autophagy and apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells via the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway by targeting LEF1 in chicken

“…The chickens were randomly divided into 2 groups, including the experimental group (n = 12) and the control group (n = 12). For experimental group, the hens were subcutaneously injected with TMX (estrogen receptor modulator) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) at a dose of 6 mg/0.3 mL ethanol/kg per body weight; however, the control group chickens were treated with ethanol, as previous described ( Arao et al, 1996 ; Wolak and Hrabia, 2020 ). The hens were injected with TMX or ethanol daily (in the morning) until egg production of all TMX-treated chickens was suspended ( Socha et al, 2018 ).…”

Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and Inhibitors of MMPs in the Avian Reproductive System: An Overview

“…In follicles of the mature hen ovary, the expression of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-10, and MMP-13 mRNAs and/or proteins as well as gelatinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) activities increase along with follicular maturation [ 36 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. These correlative findings suggest the engagement of some MMPs in the turnover of the ECM/follicular wall structure during the final stage of ovarian follicle maturation.…”

“…Importantly, all the MMPs detected are expressed more strongly in the theca than in the granulosa layer. In the latter, MMPs are at a very low level, barely detectable (e.g., MMP-9, MMP-13) or not detectable (e.g., MMP-7) [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. These findings are consistent with the presence of fibroblasts, which are a known source of MMPs in the theca layer.…”

“…Another in vitro investigation revealed that progesterone added to the culture medium of granulosa cells from the F4–F2 follicles promotes MMP-1 and MMP-3 mRNA expression but does not affect MMP-9 mRNA [ 36 ]. Recently, in an in vivo study in which hens were treated with tamoxifen (estrogen receptor modulator), we showed a role for estrogen in regulating the expression and/or activity of several MMPs (MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-13) and TIMPs ( TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 ) in ovarian follicles: white, yellowish, small yellow, and three of the largest yellow preovulatory ones [ 41 ].…”