Talking Up and Talking Down: The Power of Positive Speaking

Bergsieker, Hilary B.; Constantine, Vanessa S.; Dupree, Cydney H.; Holoien, Deborah Son; Kervyn, Nicolas; Leslie, Lisa M.; Swencionis, Jill

doi:10.1111/josi.12152

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research to demonstrate that exposure to the positive components of complementary gender stereotypes can induce participants with stereotype threat. These findings offer a novel integration between the stereotype threat literature (see Steele et al ., ) and research on the compensatory nature of stereotypes (Fiske et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The present research puts forward the argument that, besides their contribution to legitimizing traditional gender roles, an additional means through which complementary gender stereotypes reinforce these roles is by undermining women's and men's performance in negatively stereotyped domains. This argument is based on findings which show that negative stereotypes can be activated through reminders of complementary positive stereotypes (Fiske et al ., ). Specifically, research on the ‘innuendo effect’ (Kervyn, Bergsieker, & Fiske, ) has found that when participants are exposed to descriptions of social targets that focus on their positive traits (e.g., describing a target as high on warmth), they interpret these descriptions as implying complementary negative information as well (e.g., that the target is also low on competence).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Positive stereotypes, negative outcomes: Reminders of the positive components of complementary gender stereotypes impair performance in counter‐stereotypical tasks

Kahalon

Shnabel

Becker

2018

British J Social Psychol

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Gender stereotypes are complementary: Women are perceived to be communal but not agentic, whereas men are perceived to be agentic but not communal. The present research tested whether exposure to reminders of the positive components of these gender stereotypes can lead to stereotype threat and subsequent performance deficits on the complementary dimension. Study 1 (N = 116 female participants) revealed that compared to a control/no-stereotype condition, exposure to reminders of the stereotype about women's communality (but not to reminders of the stereotype about women's beauty) impaired women's math performance. In Study 2 (N = 86 male participants), reminders of the stereotype about men's agency (vs. a control/no-stereotype condition) impaired men's performance in a test of socio-emotional abilities. Consistent with previous research on stereotype threat, in both studies the effect was evident among participants with high domain identification. These findings extend our understanding of the potentially adverse implications of seemingly positive gender stereotypes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Positive stereotypes, negative outcomes: Reminders of the positive components of complementary gender stereotypes impair performance in counter‐stereotypical tasks

Kahalon

Shnabel

Becker

2018

British J Social Psychol

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“…Polite language can also be used to examine status differences (Miller, Rye, Wu, Schmer-Galunder, & Ott, 2014). Polite language involves the expression of positive emotions and frequent use of hedges, indirect language, and counterfactual language (Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, Sudhof, Jurafsky, Leskovec, & Potts, 2013), which is coupled with infrequent use of negative language and little expression of negative emotions (Fiske et al, 2015). Generally, lower status group members use polite language more frequently than do higher status group members (E.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language and Group Processes: An Integrative, Interdisciplinary Review

Swol

Kane

2018

Small Group Research

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This article reviews research that examines the use of language in small interacting groups and teams. We propose a model of group inputs (e.g., status), processes and emergent states (e.g., cohesion, influence, and innovation), and outputs (e.g., group effectiveness and member well-being) to help structure our review. The model is integrated with how language is used by groups to both reflect group inputs but also to examine how language interacts with inputs to affect group processes and create emergent states in groups, and then ultimately helps add value to the group with outputs (e.g., performance). Using cross-disciplinary research, our review finds that language is integral to how groups coordinate, interrelate, and adapt. For example, language convergence is related to increased group cohesion and group performance. Our model provides the theoretical scaffolding to consider language use in interacting small groups and suggests areas for future research.

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“…It is also likely to be effective when stereotypes about a group are ambivalent. For example, Fiske et al (2015) found that if an outgroup is viewed ambivalently, listeners continue to infer the negative dimension even when it is omitted from communication.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereotyping by omission and commission: Creating distinctive gendered spectacles in the televised coverage of the 2015 Australian Open men’s and women’s tennis singles semi-finals and finals

Quayle

Wurm²,

Barnes³

et al. 2017

International Review for the Sociology of Sport

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This paper explores the way in which announcers created spectacle in the Eurosport coverage of the men's and women's tennis singles semifinals and finals at the Australian Open 2015. This was an event where gender representations were under global social media scrutiny after two female players were asked to 'twirl' for the audience. We used a two-phase thematic analysis. Semantic thematic analysis showed that more personal descriptions were directed at women than men and these often described off-court features. Descriptions of men included detailed and specific portrayals of physical characteristics, while women's bodies were seldom referred to specifically. Discourse analysis showed that men's games were spoken of as physical clashes between titans. In contrast, women's matches were described in aesthetic rather than physical terms and 'divalike' personalities and relationships were important features of women's game narratives. While male bodies were described in specific detail where relevant to technical features of the game, women's bodies were only described indirectly and non-specifically. For the women's game, this dialogical repression of specific body talk in combination with a strong focus on aesthetic judgements invoked stereotypes by omission, simultaneously reinscribing gender stereotypes and

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Talking Up and Talking Down: The Power of Positive Speaking

Abstract: Consistent with Lewin's legacy and SPSSI's traditions, out work has focused on in-

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Positive stereotypes, negative outcomes: Reminders of the positive components of complementary gender stereotypes impair performance in counter‐stereotypical tasks

Positive stereotypes, negative outcomes: Reminders of the positive components of complementary gender stereotypes impair performance in counter‐stereotypical tasks

Language and Group Processes: An Integrative, Interdisciplinary Review

Stereotyping by omission and commission: Creating distinctive gendered spectacles in the televised coverage of the 2015 Australian Open men’s and women’s tennis singles semi-finals and finals

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