T Helper Cell Polarization in Healthy People: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease

Olson, Nels C.; Sallam, Reem M.; Doyle, Margaret F.; Tracy, Russell P.; Huber, Sally A.

doi:10.1007/s12265-013-9496-6

Cited by 39 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…injection of heat-killed M. marinum and 10 days later, analyzed the gata3 and tbx21 transcript levels. The spectrum of individual Th2/Th1 responses was broad, similarly to that seen in humans [23]. The gata3/tbx21 ratio varied from 0.6 to 12.8 within a group of 14 zebrafish.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Adequate Th2-Type Response Associates with Restricted Bacterial Growth in Latent Mycobacterial Infection of Zebrafish

Hammaren

Oksanen²,

Nisula³

et al. 2014

PLoS Pathog

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Tuberculosis is still a major health problem worldwide. Currently it is not known what kind of immune responses lead to successful control and clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This gap in knowledge is reflected by the inability to develop sufficient diagnostic and therapeutic tools to fight tuberculosis. We have used the Mycobacterium marinum infection model in the adult zebrafish and taken advantage of heterogeneity of zebrafish population to dissect the characteristics of adaptive immune responses, some of which are associated with well-controlled latency or bacterial clearance while others with progressive infection. Differences in T cell responses between subpopulations were measured at the transcriptional level. It was discovered that a high total T cell level was usually associated with lower bacterial loads alongside with a T helper 2 (Th2)-type gene expression signature. At late time points, spontaneous reactivation with apparent symptoms was characterized by a low Th2/Th1 marker ratio and a substantial induction of foxp3 reflecting the level of regulatory T cells. Characteristic gata3/tbx21 has potential as a biomarker for the status of mycobacterial disease.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Adequate Th2-Type Response Associates with Restricted Bacterial Growth in Latent Mycobacterial Infection of Zebrafish

Hammaren

Oksanen²,

Nisula³

et al. 2014

PLoS Pathog

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“…The role of Th2 cells in atherosclerosis seems to be very complex and even contradictory. A potential protective role of Th2 response is discussed in few studies [117,118] , while Ait-Oufella et al [24] assume a potential proatherogenic function of Th2 cells within the complex interaction theater of CD4+ T cell subsets in atherosclerosis. Thus, the exact role of the Th2 response remains to be elucidated based on an improved understanding of the complex interplay between Th1, Th2, and other T cell populations such as Th17 and Tregs within the atherosclerotic scenario [18,24] .…”

Section: Potential Role Of Th2 Responses In Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants, inflammation and cardiovascular disease

Mangge¹

2014

WJC

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Multiple factors are involved in the etiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Pathological changes occur in a variety of cell types long before symptoms become apparent and diagnosis is made. Dysregulation of physiological functions are associated with the activation of immune cells, leading to local and finally systemic inflammation that is characterized by production of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Patients suffering from inflammatory diseases often present with diminished levels of antioxidants either due to insufficient dietary intake or, and even more likely, due to increased demand in situations of overwhelming ROS production by activated immune effector cells like macrophages. Antioxidants are suggested to beneficially interfere with diseases-related oxidative stress, however the interplay of endogenous and exogenous antioxidants with the overall redox system is complex. Moreover, molecular mechanisms underlying oxidative stress in CVD are not fully elucidated. Metabolic dybalances are suggested to play a major role in disease onset and progression. Several central signaling pathways involved in the regulation of immunological, metabolic and endothelial function are regulated in a redox-sensitive manner. During cellular immune response, interferon γ-dependent pathways are activated such as tryptophan breakdown by the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in monocyte-derived macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells. Neopterin, a marker of oxidative stress and immune activation is produced by GTP-cyclohydrolase Ⅰ in macrophages and dendritic cells. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is induced in several cell types to generate nitric oxide (NO). NO, despite its low reactivity, is a potent antioxidant involved in the regulation of the vasomotor tone and of immunomodulatory signaling pathways. NO inhibits the expression and function of IDO. Function of NOS requires the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), which is produced in humans primarily by fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Highly toxic peroxynitrite (ONOO -) is formed solely in the presence of superoxide anion (O2 -). Neopterin and kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (Kyn/Trp), as an estimate of IDO enzyme activity, are robust markers of immune activation in vitro and in vivo . Both these diagnostic parameters are able to predict cardiovascular and overall mortality in patients at risk. Likewise, a significant association exists between increase of neopterin concentrations and Kyn/Trp ratio values and the lowering of plasma levels of vitamin-C, -E and -B. Vitamin-B deficiency is usually accompanied by increased plasma homoycsteine. Additional determination of NO metabolites, BH4 and plasma antioxidants in patients with CVD and related clinical settings can be helpful to improve the understanding of redox-regulation in health and disease and might provide a rationale for potential antioxidant therapies in CVD. REVIEWSubmit a

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“…Statistically significant differences in IL-17 production in CD4 + sCXCR3 negative or positive fractions cultured in the absence or presence of chrysotile (three different concentrations) were not found due to the relatively large error bars. to be opposite to that of CD4 + CD25 + and Forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3) positive regulatory T cells (Treg) (41,42). Since enhancement of the volume or function of Treg may cause a reduction in antitumor immunity that inhibits tumorrecognizing T cells, the peripheral balance and polarizing conditions defined by cytokine conditions among IL-6 and TGFβ and between Treg and Th17 (24-27) may be altered, and an increase in one population may cause a decrease in the other population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of IL-17 production from human peripheral blood CD4+ cells by asbestos exposure

Maeda

Chen

Lee

et al. 2017

International Journal of Oncology

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T Helper Cell Polarization in Healthy People: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease

Cited by 39 publications

References 111 publications

Adequate Th2-Type Response Associates with Restricted Bacterial Growth in Latent Mycobacterial Infection of Zebrafish

Adequate Th2-Type Response Associates with Restricted Bacterial Growth in Latent Mycobacterial Infection of Zebrafish

Antioxidants, inflammation and cardiovascular disease

Induction of IL-17 production from human peripheral blood CD4+ cells by asbestos exposure

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