T cell responses to COVID-19 infection and vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis receiving disease-modifying therapy

Reder, Anthony T.; Stüve, Olaf; Tankou, Stephanie; Leist, Thomas

doi:10.1177/13524585221134216

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…Similar findings were reported by other studies that observed robust cellular response to the COVID-19 vaccine in the majority of patients on teriflunomide and other DMTs, except for S1P modulators [28,44]. S1P modulators reduce both B-and T-cell responses, while anti-CD20 therapies reduce B-cell-mediated response [15,17].…”

Section: Immune Response To Sars-cov-2 Infectionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In general, the most recent data do not support the increased risk of worse COVID-19 outcomes related to patients on DMTs [6, 29, 36]. Some studies even suggested the potential beneficial effect of INF and glatiramer acetate that were associated with a lower risk of contraction in COVID-19 [1, 6, 9, 14, 16, 17]. Several authors agreed that teriflunomide could have a beneficial effect against COVID-19 too, since it may prevent an excessive host immune response [23].…”

Section: Covid-19 In People With Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The immunosuppressive effect varies by drugs based on their mechanisms of action. This makes some MS patients more vulnerable to infections and may weaken their immune response to vaccination [4, 14, 16, 17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Summary of Safety and Efficacy of COVID Vaccination in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Pernicová¹,

Macounová²,

Krsek³

et al. 2023

Eur Neurol

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Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic represents one of the most challenging issues that have recently influenced everyday life in countries all over the world. Understanding the risk of this disease is of high importance in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) as they represent a vulnerable population through their treatment with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Infective episodes may trigger relapses and lead to deterioration of the health condition. Summary: Vaccination is an important preventive measure against infectious diseases. In MS patients concerns have been raised about the effectiveness of vaccines in patients on various immunomodulatory drugs and about their possible adverse effects including impairment of neurological functions. The objective of this article is to summarize the current knowledge on immune responses to the COVID-19 vaccines and their safety in MS patients and to provide practical guidance based on the data available to date. Key Messages: Although MS is not associated with a higher risk of COVID-19, this infection can trigger relapses or pseudo-relapses. Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are recommended for all MS patients who are not in the active phase of the disease, despite the fact that there is still a lack of long-term reliable data on the effectiveness and safety of vaccines against COVID-19. Some DMTs can reduce vaccine humoral responses, but might still provide some protection and adequate T cell response. To optimize the effectiveness of vaccination, the ideal timing of vaccine application and DMTs dosing regimen is crucial.

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Section: Immune Response To Sars-cov-2 Infectionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Covid-19 In People With Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Summary of Safety and Efficacy of COVID Vaccination in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Pernicová¹,

Macounová²,

Krsek³

et al. 2023

Eur Neurol

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“…63 Patients taking B-cell depleting therapy or an S1P modulator may mount an attenuated response to vaccines compared with patients who are not taking these medications. 64,65 Some DMTs may require special timing considerations regarding when to obtain a vaccine. It is recommended by the NMSS that PwMS undergo COVID-19 vaccination; all COVID-19 vaccines available in the US are safe for PwMS.…”

Section: ■ Social Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients receiving immunosuppressive or immunomodulating DMTs should avoid live vaccines, and patients should not receive a vaccine while experiencing a relapse 63. Patients taking B-cell depleting therapy or an S1P modulator may mount an attenuated response to vaccines compared with patients who are not taking these medications 64,65. Some DMTs may require special timing considerations regarding when to obtain a vaccine.…”

Section: Implications For the Primary Care Providermentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple sclerosis

McGuire,

Muto,

Marcello

2023

The Nurse Practitioner

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Differential expression of lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of patients with COVID‐19: Implications for disease severity and prognosis

Xu,

Huang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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ObjectiveTo investigate the expression patterns and clinical significance of specific lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection.MethodsBetween December 2022 and February 2023, a cohort of 165 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine were analyzed. The participants represented various stages of coronavirus infection severity: mild, moderate, severe, and critical. Additionally, 40 healthy individuals constituted the control group. The FC 500MPL flow cytometer and associated reagents for flow cytometry.ResultsCompared with the healthy control group, activated B lymphocytes witnessed a pronounced increase (p < .05). A significant decrease was observed in the levels of Breg, Cytotoxic T cells or Suppressor T‐cell (Tc/s), late‐activated T, late‐activated Th, and late‐activated Tc/s lymphocytes (p < .05). Th, initial Th, initial Tc/s, total Treg, natural Treg, induced Treg, early activated T, and early activated Th lymphocyte levels showed no significant difference (p > .05). As the disease progressed, there was an uptick in midterm activated T lymphocytes (p < .05), while Breg, T, Tc/s, senescent Tc/s, and total senescent T levels dwindled (p < .05). Noteworthy patterns emerged across different groups for B1, T‐lymphocytes, Tc/s, B2, CD8+ Treg cells, and other subsets, highlighting variance in immune responses relative to disease severity. When juxtaposed, no significant difference was found in the expression levels of lymphocyte subsets between patients who died and those deemed critically ill (p > .05).ConclusionSubsets of Treg and B‐cells could act as yardsticks for the trajectory of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and might have potential in forecasting patient trajectories. A comprehensive evaluation of lymphocyte subsets, especially in real‐time, holds the key to discerning the clinical severity in those with COVID‐19. This becomes instrumental in monitoring treatment outcomes, tracking disease evolution, and formulating prognostications. Moreover, the results provide a deeper understanding of the cellular immune defense mechanisms against the novel coronavirus infection.

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T cell responses to COVID-19 infection and vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis receiving disease-modifying therapy

Cited by 11 publications

References 65 publications

Summary of Safety and Efficacy of COVID Vaccination in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Summary of Safety and Efficacy of COVID Vaccination in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis

Differential expression of lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of patients with COVID‐19: Implications for disease severity and prognosis

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