Szarawara–Kozik’s temperature criterion in the context of three-parameter equation for modeling ammonia or methanol decomposition during heterogenous catalysis

Abstract

Szarawara-Kozik's temperature criterion, suggested many years ago, has been reinterpreted as three-parameter fitting equation. We demonstrated interpretation of the chemical reactions of ammonia and methanol catalytic decomposition (to produce syngas and hydrogen) by associating two parameters with the activation energy and the average enthalpy of reaction for the equilibrium conversion degrees. It was proved that the three-parameter equation can be applicable to studying a wide variety of catalytic/enzymatic processes in isothermal conditions.

Review of the Decomposition of Ammonia to Generate Hydrogen

“…Although the apparent activation energy value calculated for Cu is very high, 317 kJ mol −1 , it shows high activity when combined with Pd. 431 Mianowski et al 432 compared Ni, Pd, and Pd−Ni catalysts supported on SiO 2 , obtaining the lowest activation energy with the bimetallic catalyst. Srifa et al 350 determined that with the use of bimetallic catalysts made up of Mo combined with Co, Ni, and Fe in their nitride forms, the expression of the reaction rate does not depend on the concentration of N 2 , but it depends on that of H 2 .…”

“…Although the apparent activation energy value calculated for Cu is very high, 317 kJ mol –1 , it shows high activity when combined with Pd . Mianowski et al compared Ni, Pd, and Pd–Ni catalysts supported on SiO 2 , obtaining the lowest activation energy with the bimetallic catalyst.…”

Temperature influence on the electrode process in the presence of 6-thioguanine and surfactants

“…The accuracy of the value determination was rated ± 5%. The enthalpies of activation ∆ # for Bi(III) electroreduction in the studied systems were determined according to equations (1) and (3) (López- Pérez et al, 2003;Mianowski et al, 2018):…”

“…whereas the standard reaction entropy ∆ % (López- Pérez et al, 2003;Mianowski et al, 2018) from the following formula:…”

“…An evident decrease in the value of ∆ cd(eee)/cd(fg) % (Table 4 and 5) suggests changes in the dynamics of the of Bi(III) ion electroreduction process in the presence of 6 -thioguanine and both surfactants Tween 80 or TritonX -100 (Mianowski et al, 2018). Definitely lower values of the standard reaction entropy in the presence of surfactants indicate an evident change in the arrangement of the system, which involves changes in the process dynamics and reversible mechanism of the Bi(III) ion electroreduction.…”