Systemic T-cell activation in acute clinically isolated optic neuritis

Roed, Hanne; Frederiksen, Jette Lautrup; Langkilde, Annika Reynberg; Sørensen, Torben Lykke; Lauritzen, Martin; Sellebjerg, Finn

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.02.002

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Several studies have suggested that HLA-B51, HLA-DR, and HLA-A11 may be protective in patients with ON against progression to MS [21,22]. The data on HLA-A11 have been difficult to replicate in some studies [23]. This most likely represents the heterogeneity of the disease as well as a familial component to transmission.…”

Section: Pathology and Immunologymentioning

confidence: 97%

New directions in optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis

Gilbert

Sergott

2007

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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Optic neuritis (ON) is the initial presentation in 15% to 20% of cases of multiple sclerosis (MS). Thirty-eight percent to 50% of patients with MS develop ON at some point during the course of their disease. The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT) provided much prospective data about the clinical presentation, clinical course with respect to treatment, and development of MS in patients with ON. The clinical course of MS initially involves episodes of demyelination followed by full recovery; however, later attacks often leave persistent deficits that lead to secondary progression of the disease. The risk of developing progressive neurologic deficits can be reduced by starting therapy with immunomodulating drugs early in the course of the disease. Optical coherence tomography is a noninvasive way to monitor patients with ON to determine if they are undergoing subclinical axonal loss of ganglion cells. Progression of axonal loss on optical coherence tomography may prompt a change in therapy or further imaging.

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Section: Pathology and Immunologymentioning

confidence: 97%

New directions in optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis

Gilbert

Sergott

2007

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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“…Although the pathophysiological mechanism of MS remains elusive, the disease is characterized by two major hallmarks, namely the myelin injury (demyelination) and chronic inflammation that contribute to the degeneration of neurons and neurological decline (Dargahi et al, ; Fisniku et al, ; Frischer et al, ; Salapa, Lee, Shin, & Levin, ; Trapp & Nave, ). In ONt pathophysiology, similarly to acute MS, demyelination of the ON leads gradually to RGC axon degeneration and cell death that affects in several ways the patient's vision (Roed, Frederiksen, et al, ; Soderstrom, Link, Xu, & Fredriksson, ).…”

Section: Optic Neuritis (Ont Demyelinating Ont)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Models and treatments for traumatic optic neuropathy and demyelinating optic neuritis

Bastakis

Ktena

Καραγωγεωσ

et al. 2019

Developmental Neurobiology

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Pathologies of the optic nerve could result as primary insults in the visual tract or as secondary deficits due to inflammation, demyelination, or compressing effects of the surrounding tissue. The extent of damage may vary from mild to severe, differently affecting patient vision, with the most severe forms leading to complete uni‐ or bilateral visual loss. The aim of researchers and clinicians in the field is to alleviate the symptoms of these, yet uncurable pathologies, taking advantage of known and novel potential therapeutic approaches, alone or in combinations, and applying them in a limited time window after the insult. In this review, we discuss the epidemiological and clinical profile as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms of two main categories of optic nerve pathologies, namely traumatic optic neuropathy and optic neuritis, focusing on the demyelinating form of the latter. Moreover, we report on the main rodent models mimicking these pathologies or some of their clinical aspects. The current treatment options will also be reviewed and novel approaches will be discussed.

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“…most common basis for idiopathic or multiple sclerosis-related optic neuritis (MS-ON) is an inflammatory demyelination of the optic nerve. One sign`s onset of the disease is the activation of T cells which precedes changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CF) [14]. B activated cells against myelin basic protein can be found in the CF but not in peripheral blood, which suggests a primary autoimmune disease of the CNS [15].…”

Section: Toxic and Nutritional Deficiency Optic Neuropathies Are Usuallymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis Approach of Optic Neuritis

Francisco¹,

Lorena²

2015

J Neurol Neurophysiol

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The approach of the etiology of an optic neuropathy can be difficult for both ophthalmologists and neurologists, because neither the appearance of the optic disc, the perimetry, or the findings in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are specific. Clinical features common to optic neuropathies are vision loss, visual fields scotomas and dyschromatopsia. Pain is a variable feature that, when is present, suggest an inflammatory disorder. Relative afferent pupilary defect is a required clinical finding for the diagnosis of unilateral optic neuropathy. The term "Typical optic neuritis" (ON) has been widely used to design a unilateral ON that presents in a young patient with an acute or subacute presentation, with pain worsened with eye movements and generally good prognosis. In this scenario, idiopathic or Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are the most likely etiologies. Therefore, in these cases, brain MRI with gadolinium contrast should be performed in order to establish the risk of conversion to MS. OCT is a useful test to evidence the retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer changes. Any modification of the mentioned clinical pattern should be consider "atypical" and further investigation is necessary in order to discard other possibilities such as ischemic, autoimmune, compressive-infiltrative, hereditary, toxic, nutritional deficiency, posttraumatic, postradiotherapy or intracraneal hypertension. Therefore, we must follow a rational algorism from the most common cause to the most unlikely in each case, with a well-defined previous distinction of the typical and atypical features, because both the early diagnosis and treatment are overriding in the second ones.

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Systemic T-cell activation in acute clinically isolated optic neuritis

Cited by 25 publications

References 45 publications

New directions in optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis

New directions in optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis

Models and treatments for traumatic optic neuropathy and demyelinating optic neuritis

Diagnosis Approach of Optic Neuritis

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