Système Aquifère du Sahara septentrional Gestion commune d'un bassin transfrontière

Besbes, M.; Abdous, B.; Abidi, Brahim; Ayed, Ahmed Bel Hadj; Bachta, Mohamed Salah; Babasy, M.; Baccar, B. Ben; Batti, D. El; Salah, Y. Ben; Charreton, M. Biet; Biout, F.; Douma, A.; Fezzani, Chedli; Gadhi, M.; Horriche, F.; Kadri, S.; Khadraoui, A.; Khanfir, R.; Kinzelbach, Wolfgang; Larbes, A.; Latrech, D.; Margat, Jean; Marsily, Ghislain de; Mamou, A.; Mejerbi, M. El; Mekrazi, A.; Mhiri, A.; Moumni, L.; Nanni, Maria Paola; Pallas, Peter Simon; Pizzi, G.; Salem, A.; Salem, Omar Maluk; Taibi, R.; Zammouri, Mounira

doi:10.1051/lhb/2003102

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Its depth is between 400 and 600 m, while its thickness is usually around 400 m. This aquifer contains fossil water that is between 20,000 and 30,000 years old. In 2015, about 182 deep wells were drilled in this aquifer, 28 of which are for irrigation and 154 are for municipal purposes and drinking water supply [13,75,76].…”

Section: Geomorphology Geology and Hydrogeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variations of the Phreatic Groundwater Level Using Geostatistical Modelling: The Case of Oued Souf Valley—Southern East of Algeria

Barkat

Bouaicha

Mester

et al. 2022

Water

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Since the beginning of the 1980s, several regions in the northern Sahara of Algeria have been confronting the rising groundwater. Among all these regions, Oued Souf Valley represented one of the most acute affected by this phenomenon. Due to the natural topography and the insufficient/weakness of water management and miscoordination between different sectors that are represented by intensive exploitation of deep groundwater reservoirs which returns to the shallow aquifer, absence of sewage and drainage network, leakage from drinking water supply system, the groundwater has raised to the surface or near to the surface, affecting the traditional cultural environment and urban areas and degrading all socio-economic aspects of the Oued Souf habitants. To preserve the Oued Souf environment, a vertical drainage system has been constructed. Consequently, in this research, an evaluation of the vertical drainage system performance and its impact on groundwater level stabilization has been performed by mapping the water table of the phreatic groundwater level using geostatistical modeling using ordinary kriging (OK) interpolation method, which has been applied to analyze the spatial and temporal structure of groundwater level fluctuation. Meanwhile, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was applied for grouping the wells based on the groundwater fluctuations for 2008, 2009, 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2021. However, the vertical drainage system reflected a significant decline of groundwater from 2009 to 2018 due to the important drained volumes through it but another rising phenomenon might be threatening the region in the near future and this is what was indicated in the 2021 groundwater level data. Cluster analysis has generated four groups based on their fluctuation means that are increasing from the first group to the fourth group ascendingly. The first cluster grouped the drains that have a shallow depth (average mean of 5.91 mbgl) and declined over the clusters. The clusters are spatially combined with significant separation of the fourth cluster which represents the deepest group (12.89 mbgl). Based on this research, several factors are influencing the stability of the phreatic groundwater level and even the performance of the drainage system, the most important of which is the overexploitation from deep groundwater reservoirs such as complex terminal and continental intercalary (in drinking and irrigation) and even the illegal use of the phreatic groundwater with important quantities for irrigation and illegal industries.

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Section: Geomorphology Geology and Hydrogeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, 75% of Algeria's renewable resources are concentrated in only 6% of the country [11,12]. On the other hand, there are extensive reservoirs in the south of the country [13]. The total amount of usable reserves is estimated at 5 billion m 3 per year, with only 1.6 billion m 3 being used [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variations of the Phreatic Groundwater Level Using Geostatistical Modelling: The Case of Oued Souf Valley—Southern East of Algeria

Barkat

Bouaicha

Mester

et al. 2022

Water

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“…The Reggane region is positioned at the southern edge of the North Sahara Aquifer System, covering an area exceeding 1 x 10 6 km² and shared by Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia. This aquifer system consists of several water layers grouped into two main reservoirs, the CI aquifer and the Terminal Complex (TC) aquifer (Edmund et al 2003;Bouselsal 2017;Satouh et al 2021;OSS 2003;UNESCO 1972). The CI aquifer stands as the sole reservoir of freshwater, serving as the exclusive groundwater source available in the area, and is used through drilling and foggaras to satisfy various water needs, such as supply of drinking water, irrigation water, and industrial water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Water Quality, Mineralization Mechanisms, and Potential Health Risks of Nitrate Contamination in the Continental Intercalaire Aquifer of Reggane, Algeria

Bouselsal,

Satouh,

Egbueri

2024

Preprint

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In the Reggane arid region, the Continental Intercalaire (CI) aquifer plays a critical role as a water source, meeting daily water needs such as drinking, domestic use, and agricultural usage. This study assessed the hydrogeochemical characteristics influencing water mineralization, the overall quality of the groundwater in the CI aquifer for consumption and irrigation usage, and identifies possible chronic health risks for different age groups. To this end, groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters. The assessment tools used include graphical plots, statistical analyses, groundwater pollution index (GPI), nitrate pollution index (NPI), health risk assessment (HRA) model, and irrigation water quality index (IWQI). GPI analysis reveals that 16%, 40%, and 44% of CI aquifer samples are classified with moderate, high, and extremely high pollution, respectively. The NPI method indicates that nitrate pollution levels fall into three categories: moderate (12%), significant (36%), and very significant (49%). HRA results showed that human health risks varied between 3.13 and 10.46 for children, 2.47 and 8.27 for teenagers, and 1.61 and 5.38 for adults, signifying an high risk that spanned all age demographics in the region. Regarding agricultural use, IWQI indicates that water from all studied wells is highly unsuitable for irrigation, potentially harming both soils and plant growth. Hydrochemical analysis by Piper diagram suggested a water type evolution from Na-Cl upstream to Ca-Mg-Cl downstream. Other analytical tools, like Gibbs diagrams, scatter plots, chloro-alkaline indices, saturation indices and multivariate statistical tools, indicated that the hydrochemistry is mainly influenced by interactions with aquifer materials, notably silicate weathering, halite and gypsum dissolution, and cation exchange processes. The study also revealed that the presence of nitrates is primarily attributable to domestic effluents from residential areas.

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“…The population increase, agricultural production, and heavy industries in this area have resulted in a significant reduction in the aquifer system's water level. The aquifer in the northeast Algerian Sahara is one of the largest aquifers in the world, which consists of a Terminal Complex aquifer (CT) and a continental intercalary aquifer (CI) [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation in Deep Aquifers Using Multiple Graphical and Indexing Approaches Supported with Machine Learning Models and GIS Techniques, Souf Valley, Algeria

Eid

Elbagory

Tamma

et al. 2023

Water

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Irrigation has made a significant contribution to supporting the population’s expanding food demands, as well as promoting economic growth in irrigated regions. The current investigation was carried out in order to estimate the quality of the groundwater for agricultural viability in the Algerian Desert using various water quality indices and geographic information systems (GIS). In addition, support vector machine regression (SVMR) was applied to forecast eight irrigation water quality indices (IWQIs), such as the irrigation water quality index (IWQI), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (Na%), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), potential salinity (PS), Kelly index (KI), permeability index (PI), potential salinity (PS), permeability index (PI), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC). Several physicochemical variables, such as temperature (T°), hydrogen ion concentration (pH), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), K+, Na2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−, CO32−, and NO3−, were measured from 45 deep groundwater wells. The hydrochemical facies of the groundwater resources were Ca–Mg–Cl/SO4 and Na–Cl−, which revealed evaporation, reverse ion exchange, and rock–water interaction processes. The IWQI, Na%, SAR, SSP, KI, PS, PI, and RSC showed mean values of 50.78, 43.07, 4.85, 41.78, 0.74, 29.60, 45.65, and −20.44, respectively. For instance, the IWQI for the obtained results indicated that the groundwater samples were categorized into high restriction to moderate restriction for irrigation purposes, which can only be used for plants that are highly salt tolerant. The SVMR model produced robust estimates for eight IWQIs in calibration (Cal.), with R2 values varying between 0.90 and 0.97. Furthermore, in validation (Val.), R2 values between 0.88 and 0.95 were achieved using the SVMR model, which produced reliable estimates for eight IWQIs. These findings support the feasibility of using IWQIs and SVMR models for the evaluation and management of the groundwater of complex terminal aquifers for irrigation. Finally, the combination of IWQIs, SVMR, and GIS was effective and an applicable technique for interpreting and forecasting the irrigation water quality used in both arid and semi-arid regions.

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Système Aquifère du Sahara septentrional Gestion commune d'un bassin transfrontière

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variations of the Phreatic Groundwater Level Using Geostatistical Modelling: The Case of Oued Souf Valley—Southern East of Algeria

Assessment of Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variations of the Phreatic Groundwater Level Using Geostatistical Modelling: The Case of Oued Souf Valley—Southern East of Algeria

Evaluating Water Quality, Mineralization Mechanisms, and Potential Health Risks of Nitrate Contamination in the Continental Intercalaire Aquifer of Reggane, Algeria

Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation in Deep Aquifers Using Multiple Graphical and Indexing Approaches Supported with Machine Learning Models and GIS Techniques, Souf Valley, Algeria

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