Systematic Review of Recent Lipidomics Approaches Toward Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract

Researchers have endeavored to identify the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Though the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases remains unknown, dysregulation of the immune system in the host gastrointestinal tract is believed to be the major causative factor. Omics is a powerful methodological tool that can reveal biochemical information stored in clinical samples. Lipidomics is a subset of omics that explores the lipid classes associated with inflammation. One objective of the present systematic review was to facilitate the identification of biochemical targets for use in future lipidomic studies on inflammatory bowel diseases. The use of high-resolution mass spectrometry to observe alterations in global lipidomics might help elucidate the immunoregulatory mechanisms involved in inflammatory bowel diseases and discover novel biomarkers for them. Assessment of the characteristics of previous clinical trials on inflammatory bowel diseases could help researchers design and establish patient selection and analytical method criteria for future studies on these conditions. In this study, we curated literature exclusively from four databases and extracted lipidomics-related data from literature, considering criteria. This paper suggests that the lipidomics approach toward research in inflammatory bowel diseases can clarify their pathogenesis and identify clinically valuable biomarkers to predict and monitor their progression.

Emerging roles of host and microbial bioactive lipids in inflammatory bowel diseases

“…Interestingly, an elemental diet has a significant effect on pediatric patients only when long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), but not carbohydrates, are lessened in the formula [47,48]. Accumulating evidence indicates that compositions of lipids and their metabolites belonging to fatty acyl, glycerophospholipid, and sphingolipid are altered in the plasma, feces, and biopsies from patients with IBD compared with those in healthy volunteers [49], indicating that bioactive lipid mediators are implicated in the pathogenesis of human IBD.…”

“…These findings suggest that PUFAs modulate intestinal pathology. Accumulating evidence indicates that compositions of PUFAs and their derivates differ between healthy volunteers and patients with IBD [49], such as the elevation of n − 6 PUFAs to n − 3 PUFAs ratio in the intestinal mucosa of patients with IBD [77,78]. Thus, the adequate balance between n − 6 PUFAs and n − 3 PUFAs might be required for maintenance of the intestinal homeostasis.…”

Are We Ready to Reclassify Crohn’s Disease Using Molecular Classification?

“…However, only a few studies have overlapped in the analysis of specific lipids [ 137 ]. There is also no consensus on the best specimen for analysis in the current literature—blood, tissue or faeces—which have varying levels of invasiveness and ease of collection [ 138 ]. Further targeted lipidomic studies and clinical trials are required as a next step to identify the clinical significance of these lipids and their use in personalised medicine.…”

Multi-omics phenotyping characterizes molecular divergence underlying different clinical scenarios of inflammatory bowel disease

“…Delving into the deeper layer of phenotype is the valuable contribution of multi-omics data, which shows a potential application for complex diseases like IBD. Omicsbased studies in IBD have been widely conducted, and the multi-omic approach has become a cornerstone of IBD research [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . Not only for biomarker research, but the approach has also supported elucidating the intricate interplay of molecular perturbations driving disease pathophysiology, including barrier dysfunction, chronic immunological response, microbial dysbiosis, and consequences alteration in tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites, amino acid and lipid metabolism, and oxidative pathways.…”