System-level biological effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields: an in vivo experimental review

Tian, Haoyang; Zhu, Haozheng; Gao, Chenhao; Shi, Mingxia; Yang, Dekun; Jin, Mingyu; Wang, Fenghua; Sui, Xiaohong

doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1247021

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Particularly noteworthy is the fact that none of the studies included in this review reported any negative side effects of ELF-MFs. A review of in vivo experiments conducted in 2023 [59] indicated that the majority of studies suggest that exposing patients to ELF-MFs does not result in significant adverse outcomes, thus this therapy method is deemed safe. However, reports presenting undesirable effects of ELF-MFs can be found in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field on Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review

Marchewka,

Trzmiel,

Hojan

2024

Brain Sciences

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Background: The aim of this study was to review the current state of scientific evidence on the effect of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields stimulation (ELF-MFs) on stroke patients. Methods: A systematic review of PubMed, ScienceDirect, PeDro and Embase databases was conducted. Only articles published in English, involving adult participants and focusing on individuals who had experienced a stroke, specifically examining the impact of ELF-MFs on post-stroke patients and had well-defined criteria for inclusion and exclusion of participants, were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies (QATQS). Results: A total of 71 studies were identified through database and reference lists’ search, from which 9 were included in the final synthesis. All included studies showed a beneficial effect of ELF-MFs on stroke patients, however seven of the included studies were carried by the same research group. Improvements were observed in domains such as oxidative stress, inflammation, ischemic lesion size, functional status, depressive symptoms and cognitive abilities. Conclusions: The available literature suggests a beneficial effect of ELF-MFs on post-stroke patients; however, the current data are too limited to broadly recommend the use of this method. Further research with improved methodological quality is necessary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field on Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review

Marchewka,

Trzmiel,

Hojan

2024

Brain Sciences

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“…In addition, ELF-EMFs have been shown to promote neuronal differentiation through NMDA receptor activation [17]. This suggests that ELF-EMFs could potentially be used to modulate neuronal function and cognitive behaviors [18].…”

Section: Pulsating Elf-emf Exposure and Potential For Nsc Differentia...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the study by Ma et al presents findings that differ from ours, this discrepancy could be attributed to their specific application of ELF-EMFs-a singular strength of 2 mT, 50 Hz for a duration of 3 days. A multitude of studies have indeed demonstrated that the effects observed post-ELF-EMF application are contingent on various parameters such as the frequency, strength, and duration of treatment [18,20]. Given this variability, it is not surprising to encounter contradictory effects.…”

Section: Pulsating Elf-emf Exposure and Potential For Nsc Differentia...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsating Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Influence Differentiation of Mouse Neural Stem Cells towards Astrocyte-like Phenotypes: In Vitro Pilot Study

Isaković,

Slatković,

Jagečić

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Even though electromagnetic fields have been reported to assist endogenous neurogenesis, little is known about the exact mechanisms of their action. In this pilot study, we investigated the effects of pulsating extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on neural stem cell differentiation towards specific phenotypes, such as neurons and astrocytes. Neural stem cells isolated from the telencephalic wall of B6(Cg)-Tyrc-2J/J mouse embryos (E14.5) were randomly divided into three experimental groups and three controls. Electromagnetic field application setup included a solenoid placed within an incubator. Each of the experimental groups was exposed to 50Hz ELF-EMFs of varied strengths for 1 h. The expression of each marker (NES, GFAP, β-3 tubulin) was then assessed by immunocytochemistry. The application of high-strength ELF-EMF significantly increased and low-strength ELF-EMF decreased the expression of GFAP. A similar pattern was observed for β-3 tubulin, with high-strength ELF-EMFs significantly increasing the immunoreactivity of β-3 tubulin and medium- and low-strength ELF-EMFs decreasing it. Changes in NES expression were observed for medium-strength ELF-EMFs, with a demonstrated significant upregulation. This suggests that, even though ELF-EMFs appear to inhibit or promote the differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons or astrocytes, this effect highly depends on the strength and frequency of the fields as well as the duration of their application. While numerous studies have demonstrated the capacity of EMFs to guide the differentiation of NSCs into neuron-like cells or β-3 tubulin+ neurons, this is the first study to suggest that ELF-EMFs may also steer NSC differentiation towards astrocyte-like phenotypes.

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“…Much of the work shows that the main targets of ELF-MFs are the cardiovascular and nervous systems. [118]. The effects of ELF-MFs on the immune, musculoskeletal, and other systems have also been described [119].…”

Section: Effects On the Whole Organism (Laboratory Studies)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically and recently, biological effects of EFs and MFs were often considered together [118,342,343]. We suppose that the effects of electric (EFs) and magnetic fields (MFs) in this frequency range should be considered separately.…”

Section: Biological Effects Of Extremely-low-frequency Electrical Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Effects of Magnetic Storms and ELF Magnetic Fields

Sarimov,

Serov,

Gudkov

2023

Biology

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Magnetic fields are a constant and essential part of our environment. The main components of ambient magnetic fields are the constant part of the geomagnetic field, its fluctuations caused by magnetic storms, and man-made magnetic fields. These fields refer to extremely-low-frequency (<1 kHz) magnetic fields (ELF-MFs). Since the 1980s, a huge amount of data has been accumulated on the biological effects of magnetic fields, in particular ELF-MFs. However, a unified picture of the patterns of action of magnetic fields has not been formed. Even though a unified mechanism has not yet been generally accepted, several theories have been proposed. In this review, we attempted to take a new approach to analyzing the quantitative data on the effects of ELF-MFs to identify new potential areas for research. This review provides general descriptions of the main effects of magnetic storms and anthropogenic fields on living organisms (molecular–cellular level and whole organism) and a brief description of the main mechanisms of magnetic field effects on living organisms. This review may be of interest to specialists in the fields of biology, physics, medicine, and other interdisciplinary areas.

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System-level biological effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields: an in vivo experimental review

Cited by 10 publications

References 120 publications

The Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field on Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review

The Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field on Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review

Pulsating Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Influence Differentiation of Mouse Neural Stem Cells towards Astrocyte-like Phenotypes: In Vitro Pilot Study

Biological Effects of Magnetic Storms and ELF Magnetic Fields

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