Synthesis, spectro–electrochemical properties and photoreaction with O2 of lutetium bis‐ethyltetraazaporphyrin

The effect of substituents on the photoinduced energy transfer between CdTe quantum dots and mercapto substituted zinc phthalocyanine derivatives

“…FRET parameters were computed using the program PhotochemCAD. 40 J, the Förster overlap integral, is defined by eqn (12):…”

“…This overlap term J has varied units and in this work the units used were in cm 6 . 32 The PhotochemCAD program gives J units in cm 6 following the use of e ZnPc in M -1 cm -1 and the wavelength l in nm in eqn (12). The F örster distance, R 0 (A ˚) which is the critical distance between the donor and the acceptor molecule fluorophores for which efficiency of energy transfer is 50% 50,51 is also obtained from PhotochemCAD, while the centre-to-centre separation distance (r, A ˚) between donor and acceptor chromophores is obtained from the use of eqn (10) and the values are listed in Table 4.…”

“…This singlet oxygen is responsible for destroying the cancerous tissue without causing harm to the normal body tissue. 6,7, 12 Recent attempts to improve PDT have resulted in heightened research on nanomaterials. In particular semiconductor nanocrystals known as quantum dots (QDs) are being extensively explored.…”

The effect of substituents on the photoinduced energy transfer between CdTe quantum dots and mercapto substituted zinc phthalocyanine derivatives

“…FRET parameters were computed using the program PhotochemCAD. 40 J, the Förster overlap integral, is defined by eqn (12):…”

“…This overlap term J has varied units and in this work the units used were in cm 6 . 32 The PhotochemCAD program gives J units in cm 6 following the use of e ZnPc in M -1 cm -1 and the wavelength l in nm in eqn (12). The F örster distance, R 0 (A ˚) which is the critical distance between the donor and the acceptor molecule fluorophores for which efficiency of energy transfer is 50% 50,51 is also obtained from PhotochemCAD, while the centre-to-centre separation distance (r, A ˚) between donor and acceptor chromophores is obtained from the use of eqn (10) and the values are listed in Table 4.…”

“…This singlet oxygen is responsible for destroying the cancerous tissue without causing harm to the normal body tissue. 6,7, 12 Recent attempts to improve PDT have resulted in heightened research on nanomaterials. In particular semiconductor nanocrystals known as quantum dots (QDs) are being extensively explored.…”

Thioethyl Porphyrazines: Attractive Chromophores for Second-Order Nonlinear Optics and DSSCs

“…While the porphyrin core can be functionalized in both electron-deficient meso and electron-rich β-pyrrolic positions and the phthalocyanine core in the benzo ring of the isoindole unit, in porphyrazines only the β positions of the pyrroles are available for chemical modification, and the peripheral substituents can then strongly couple to the macrocycle. However, surprisingly, porphyrazines have been much less studied for optoelectronic applications, and only a few of these systems have been investigated for their NLO properties. − In particular, to the best of our knowledge, to date porphyrazines and especially nonsymmetrically substituted thioalkyl-porphyrazines, − have never been investigated as chromophores for second-order NLO by means of the electric field induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) technique. − …”

Photoinduced energy transfer between water-soluble CdTe quantum dots and aluminium tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine

“…It is believed that during PDT, the photosensitizer is excited to its triplet state, and then transfers its energy to ground state oxygen, O 2 ( 3 S g ), generating excited state oxygen, 1 O 2 ( 1 D g ), which is the chief cytotoxic species, through the so-called Type II mechanism. 20 The selectivity of this treatment is unparalleled since only tissues that are simultaneously exposed to the photosensitizer and light, in the presence of oxygen are the ones affected by the cytotoxicity during PDT. [21][22][23] Alternatively, there can be an indirect activation of the photosensitizer by photoluminescent quantum dots through energy transfer to the photosensitizer.…”

The effect of substituents on the photoinduced energy transfer between CdTe quantum dots and mercapto substituted zinc phthalocyanine derivatives

“…FRET parameters were computed using the program PhotochemCAD. 40 J, the Förster overlap integral, is defined by eqn (12):…”

“…This overlap term J has varied units and in this work the units used were in cm 6 . 32 The PhotochemCAD program gives J units in cm 6 following the use of e ZnPc in M -1 cm -1 and the wavelength l in nm in eqn (12). The F örster distance, R 0 (A ˚) which is the critical distance between the donor and the acceptor molecule fluorophores for which efficiency of energy transfer is 50% 50,51 is also obtained from PhotochemCAD, while the centre-to-centre separation distance (r, A ˚) between donor and acceptor chromophores is obtained from the use of eqn (10) and the values are listed in Table 4.…”

“…This singlet oxygen is responsible for destroying the cancerous tissue without causing harm to the normal body tissue. 6,7, 12 Recent attempts to improve PDT have resulted in heightened research on nanomaterials. In particular semiconductor nanocrystals known as quantum dots (QDs) are being extensively explored.…”

Thioethyl Porphyrazines: Attractive Chromophores for Second-Order Nonlinear Optics and DSSCs

“…While the porphyrin core can be functionalized in both electron-deficient meso and electron-rich β-pyrrolic positions and the phthalocyanine core in the benzo ring of the isoindole unit, in porphyrazines only the β positions of the pyrroles are available for chemical modification, and the peripheral substituents can then strongly couple to the macrocycle. However, surprisingly, porphyrazines have been much less studied for optoelectronic applications, and only a few of these systems have been investigated for their NLO properties. − In particular, to the best of our knowledge, to date porphyrazines and especially nonsymmetrically substituted thioalkyl-porphyrazines, − have never been investigated as chromophores for second-order NLO by means of the electric field induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) technique. − …”

Photoinduced energy transfer between water-soluble CdTe quantum dots and aluminium tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine

“…It is believed that during PDT, the photosensitizer is excited to its triplet state, and then transfers its energy to ground state oxygen, O 2 ( 3 S g ), generating excited state oxygen, 1 O 2 ( 1 D g ), which is the chief cytotoxic species, through the so-called Type II mechanism. 20 The selectivity of this treatment is unparalleled since only tissues that are simultaneously exposed to the photosensitizer and light, in the presence of oxygen are the ones affected by the cytotoxicity during PDT. [21][22][23] Alternatively, there can be an indirect activation of the photosensitizer by photoluminescent quantum dots through energy transfer to the photosensitizer.…”

The effect of substituents on the photoinduced energy transfer between CdTe quantum dots and mercapto substituted zinc phthalocyanine derivatives

“…FRET parameters were computed using the program PhotochemCAD. 40 J, the Förster overlap integral, is defined by eqn (12):…”

“…This overlap term J has varied units and in this work the units used were in cm 6 . 32 The PhotochemCAD program gives J units in cm 6 following the use of e ZnPc in M -1 cm -1 and the wavelength l in nm in eqn (12). The F örster distance, R 0 (A ˚) which is the critical distance between the donor and the acceptor molecule fluorophores for which efficiency of energy transfer is 50% 50,51 is also obtained from PhotochemCAD, while the centre-to-centre separation distance (r, A ˚) between donor and acceptor chromophores is obtained from the use of eqn (10) and the values are listed in Table 4.…”

“…This singlet oxygen is responsible for destroying the cancerous tissue without causing harm to the normal body tissue. 6,7, 12 Recent attempts to improve PDT have resulted in heightened research on nanomaterials. In particular semiconductor nanocrystals known as quantum dots (QDs) are being extensively explored.…”

Thioethyl Porphyrazines: Attractive Chromophores for Second-Order Nonlinear Optics and DSSCs

“…While the porphyrin core can be functionalized in both electron-deficient meso and electron-rich β-pyrrolic positions and the phthalocyanine core in the benzo ring of the isoindole unit, in porphyrazines only the β positions of the pyrroles are available for chemical modification, and the peripheral substituents can then strongly couple to the macrocycle. However, surprisingly, porphyrazines have been much less studied for optoelectronic applications, and only a few of these systems have been investigated for their NLO properties. − In particular, to the best of our knowledge, to date porphyrazines and especially nonsymmetrically substituted thioalkyl-porphyrazines, − have never been investigated as chromophores for second-order NLO by means of the electric field induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) technique. − …”

Photoinduced energy transfer between water-soluble CdTe quantum dots and aluminium tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine

“…It is believed that during PDT, the photosensitizer is excited to its triplet state, and then transfers its energy to ground state oxygen, O 2 ( 3 S g ), generating excited state oxygen, 1 O 2 ( 1 D g ), which is the chief cytotoxic species, through the so-called Type II mechanism. 20 The selectivity of this treatment is unparalleled since only tissues that are simultaneously exposed to the photosensitizer and light, in the presence of oxygen are the ones affected by the cytotoxicity during PDT. [21][22][23] Alternatively, there can be an indirect activation of the photosensitizer by photoluminescent quantum dots through energy transfer to the photosensitizer.…”