Synthesis of zirconium oxycarbide (ZrCxOy) powders: Influence of stoichiometry on densification kinetics during spark plasma sintering and on mechanical properties

Gendre, Mathieu; Maı̂tre, Alexandre; Trolliard, Gilles

doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.05.037

Cited by 101 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Our own experiments indicate that sub-stoichiometric ZrC x O y could substantially promote the sintering progress of zirconium carbide, which is in accordance with Ref. [13]. Our approach tries to combine powder processing and sub-stoichiometry effects to establish a more economic manufacturing route for dense zirconium carbide ceramics.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The crystallographic parameters of ZrC x O y oxycarbide [13] and reduced ZrC x powders with non-stoichiometric composition [22] were reported in literature before. A shift of the lattice parameter is observed for both alternatives of ZrC in the same direction.…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are other papers, which consider the sintering mechanism of bulk ZrC using oxycarbide ZrC x O y powders. The enhanced Zr lattice diffusion promotes the sintering behavior and improves  the densification process for these powders [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reaction of ZrO 2 and C tends to produce ZrC x O y with 0 < x < 1, y > 0 and x + y ≤ 1 as long as the reaction is incomplete due to kinetic reasons. Oxygen atoms could easily occupy the carbon positions in the Zr-C lattice [13,18,19]. However, the thermodynamically stable situation will be a sub-stoichiometric ZrC x O y with x < 1, y = 0, which is hard to achieve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pressureless sintering of ZrC with variable stoichiometry

2017

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This paper presents the experiments on the synthesis of zirconium carbide (ZrC) using carbothermal reduction of zirconia (ZrO 2 ). The ratio of ZrO 2 :C is used to adapt ZrC x O y with x < 1 or ZrC + C. The modification of ZrC x O y and the total carbon amount allows the use of pressureless sintering method in combination with sintering temperatures ≤ 2000 ℃. Fully densified ZrC products are obtained. The relevant details of ZrC formation are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The sintered products are characterized by XRD, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), as well as mechanical and electrical methods. XRD and FESEM investigations show that ZrC x O y is formed during the manufacturing process. The grain size and additional zirconia or carbon are related to the ZrO 2 :C ratio of the starting powder mixture. Bending strength up to 300 MPa, Young's modulus up to 400 GPa, fracture toughness up to 4.1 MPa·m 1/2 , and electrical resistance at room temperature around 10 4 Ω·cm are reached by the pressureless sintered ZrC.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pressureless sintering of ZrC with variable stoichiometry

2017

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“…The lattice parameter calculated from the SAED (figure 8d) of 4.678Å is in agreement with the lattice paramter calculated from the high resolution image and is similar to the literature value of 4.696Å [23], however the decrease may be due to large concentration of vacancies or nitrogen content. Gendre et al [24] have shown that lattice size of ZrC in mixed ZrC x O y phases decreases with decreasing carbon content finding a lattice minimum lattice parameter of 4.680Å.…”

Section: Powder Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the fabrication of ZrC x N y from ZrO 2 via two-step carbothermic reduction–nitridation

Harrison

Rapaud

Pradeilles

et al. 2015

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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This study examined the processing parameters of a two-step carbothermal reduction-nitridation of ZrO 2 as a UO 2 /PuO 2 simulant to fabricate ZrN. Variables studied were the reaction time, reaction temperature and the starting powder composition Higher temperatures, longer reaction times and higher initial amounts of carbon in the starting material lead to increased nitridation similar to previous work with uranium oxide but that reaction rate decreases with time. SEM and TEM of the reacted powders reveal regions of ZrC with ledges indicative of crystal defects with small particles of ZrN growing on the ZrC bulk material suggesting a reaction that occurs via Zr transport to the reaction site either through mass diffusion or evaporation-condensation of Zr (g) and with N 2(g) forming the nitride. Annealing experiments on these mixed phases shows formation of a solid solution is rapid compared to the nitridation, where there is no formation of a mixed phase.

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Zirconium Oxycarbide: A Highly Stable Catalyst Material for Electrochemical Energy Conversion

et al. 2019

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Metal carbides and oxycarbides have recently gained considerable interest due to their (electro)catalytic properties that differ from those of transition metals and that have potential to outperform them as well. The stability of zirconium oxycarbide nanopowders (ZrO0.31C0.69), synthesized via a hybrid solid‐liquid route, is investigated in different gas atmospheres from room temperature to 800 °C by using in‐situ X‐ray diffraction and in‐situ electrical impedance spectroscopy. To feature the properties of a structurally stable Zr oxycarbide with high oxygen content, a stoichiometry of ZrO0.31C0.69 has been selected. ZrO0.31C0.69 is stable in reducing gases with only minor amounts of tetragonal ZrO2 being formed at high temperatures, whereas it decomposes in CO2 and O2 gas atmosphere. From online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry measurements, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) onset potential is determined at −0.4 VRHE. CO2 formation is detected at potentials as positive as 1.9 VRHE as ZrO0.31C0.69 decomposition product, and oxygen is anodically formed at 2.5 VRHE, which shows the high electrochemical stability of this material in acidic electrolyte. This peopwery makes the material suited for electrocatalytic reactions at anodic potentials, such as CO and alcohol oxidation reactions, in general.

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Synthesis of zirconium oxycarbide (ZrCxOy) powders: Influence of stoichiometry on densification kinetics during spark plasma sintering and on mechanical properties

Cited by 101 publications

References 22 publications

Pressureless sintering of ZrC with variable stoichiometry

Pressureless sintering of ZrC with variable stoichiometry

On the fabrication of ZrC x N y from ZrO 2 via two-step carbothermic reduction–nitridation

Zirconium Oxycarbide: A Highly Stable Catalyst Material for Electrochemical Energy Conversion

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