Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Rubus fairholmianus Root Extract and Their Activity against Pathogenic Bacteria

Abstract

Recently, the biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from crude extracts and phytochemicals has attracted much attention. Green synthesis of NPs is cost-effective, eco-friendly, and is a promising alternative for chemical synthesis. This study involves ZnO NPs synthesis using Rubus fairholmianus root extract (RE) as an efficient reducing agent. The UV spectrum of RE-ZnO NPs exhibited a peak at 357 nm due to intrinsic bandgap absorption and an XRD pattern that matches the ZnO crystal structure (JCPDS card no: 36-1451). The average particle size calculated from the Debye–Scherrer equation is 11.34 nm. SEM analysis showed that the RE-ZnO NPs spherical in shape with clusters (1–100 nm). The antibacterial activity of the NPs was tested against Staphylococcus aureus using agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration, and bacterial growth assay. The R. fairholmianus phytochemicals facilitate the synthesis of stable ZnO NPs and showed antibacterial activity.

Sunlight Photocatalytic Performance of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Green Chemistry Using Different Botanical Extracts and Zinc Acetate as a Precursor

“…It is well-known that bulk ZnO has a band gap of 3.37 eV [21], and the decrease in the band gap energy found here can be related to the presence of defect states caused by the botanical extracts, as well as by their influence on size control during nanoparticle formation [5]. Several studies have shown the potential use of different phytochemicals (e.g., flavonoids, tannins and polyphenolics, terpenoids, amines and ketones) obtained in botanical extracts to control the size and shape of different types of nanoparticles [22,23]. From the absorbance data, the energy band gap (Eg) was estimated using Tauc's plot method (Figure 1b); the calculated Eg values are 2.99, 3.01, 3.01, 3.06, and 3.18 eV for ZnO NPs with no extract, Tagetes erecta, Lentinula edodes, Azadirachta indica, and Chrysanthemum morifolium, respectively.…”

“…It is well-known that bulk ZnO has a band gap of 3.37 eV [ 21 ], and the decrease in the band gap energy found here can be related to the presence of defect states caused by the botanical extracts, as well as by their influence on size control during nanoparticle formation [ 5 ]. Several studies have shown the potential use of different phytochemicals (e.g., flavonoids, tannins and polyphenolics, terpenoids, amines and ketones) obtained in botanical extracts to control the size and shape of different types of nanoparticles [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles Mediated by Streptomyces plicatus: Characterizations, Antimicrobial and Nematicidal Activities and Cytogenetic Effects

“…As a result, it was determined that the inhibitory effectiveness of ZnO-NPs is highly dependent on the concentration and size used [ 57 ]. This may be attributed to the fact that nanoparticles’ reduced size makes it easier for them to pass through the microbial cell membrane, inhibiting cell growth and promoting bacterial cell death [ 58 ].…”

Green Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Different Plants’ Parts for Antimicrobial Activity and Anticancer Activity: A Review Article

“…To date, different roots' extracts have been used for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles, as shown in Table 2. In 2021, the synthesis of spherical ZnO nanoparticles with an average size of 11.34 nm using Rubus Fairholmianus root (Dimethyl sulfoxide) extract was reported and tested against S. aureus (MIC = 157.22 µg/mL) [98]. In another study, aqueous root hair extract of Phoenix dactylifera was utilized for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles with a size range of 30.87 to 47.89 nm.…”