Synthesis of spirulina loaded chitosan nanoparticles from prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense shell for extending the shelf life of pike‐perch (Sander lucioperca) fillet during refrigerated storage

Abstract

BACKGROUND This study was aimed to synthesize polymeric chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) from Macrobrachium nipponense shells using sodium triphosphate (TPP) as a crosslinker that was incorporated with spirulina extract (SPE) to improve the shelf life of pike‐perch during refrigerated storage (4 °C). RESULTS The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of SPE‐loaded CSNPs decreased from 67% to 32%, and loading capacity (LC) was increased (10–14%) depending on their loaded SPE concentrations. The initial burst effect, followed by a slow‐release at pH 7 (24 h), was observed. Free SPE and SPE incorporated CSNPs decreased microbial counts (total viable count, total psychotropic count, pseudomonas, and lactic acid bacteria) compared to control and unloaded CSNPs. Samples treated with free SPE or SPE‐loaded CSNPs showed higher changes in odor, color, TVB‐N (total volatile basic nitrogen), and TBA (thiobarbituric acid) compared with the unloaded CSNPs batch (P ≤ 0.05) until the tenth day of storage. However, fish fillets coated with SPE‐loaded CSNPs had the highest overall consumer acceptability and the lowest values for TVB‐N and TBA at the end of storage (14th day). Controlled release of bioactive compounds in batches treated with SPE‐CSNPs could delay the microbial degradation and enhance chemical reactions (TBA and TVB‐N) in comparison to pure SPE during storage time. CONCLUSION The incorporation of SPE in polymeric CSNPs can be considered as a promising material for controlled delivery of natural bioactive agents, and preservation of Pike perch quality during refrigerator storage. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Spirulina platensis peptide-loaded nanoliposomes alleviate hepatic lipid accumulation in Male Wistar Rats by influencing redox homeostasis and lipid metabolism via the AMPK signaling pathway

“…Chitosan-coated liposomes were prepared by mixing liposomes (SP-LP) with the chitosan solution (0.4% w/v chitosan in 1% v/v acetic acid) at a ratio of 1:1 under constant stirring (100 rpm) for 2 h at room temperature. The characterization of liposomal spirulina peptides (mean particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation e ciency (EE%), and storage stability) was performed as in our previous work (Karimzadeh et al, 2023).…”

“…At regular intervals, a de nite volume (3 mL) was withdrawn and replaced with an equal volume of fresh phosphate buffer solution. The amount of SP release was measured using total phenolic content by UV-Vis spectrometer (Karimzadeh et al, 2023).…”

Novel Siprulina platensis Bilosomes for Combating UVB Induced Skin Damage

“…SPR was safely used in Africa for several years [ 15 ]. SPR is a nutritionally enriched algae that have been globally cultivated as a dietary supplement, owing to its versatile biological and nutritional profile [ 16 ]. It is highly rich in nutrients, phytochemicals, proteins, and carbohydrates [ 17 ].…”

“…Studies have confirmed that carotenoids and chlorophyll can be used to combat skin aging and protect the skin against UV-induced photo-oxidation [ 14 , 23 ]. Thus, SPR has several pharmacological activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancerogenic properties [ 16 , 24 ]. These attributes make SPR an attractive ingredient, especially for the formulation of green and ecofriendly cosmetics [ 15 ].…”