Synthesis of renewable diesel with the 2-methylfuran, butanal and acetone derived from lignocellulose

Protonated titanate nanotubes as a highly active catalyst for the synthesis of renewable diesel and jet fuel range alkanes

“…S10b), this peak can be attributed to the combustion of large polymeric molecules which were deposited on PTNT catalyst during the HAA of 2-MF and n-butanal. Analogous to what we have observed over Amberlyst resins [36,37], the generation of large polymeric molecules during the HAA reactions of 2-MF can block the pore and decrease the accessibility of acid sites on the surface of PTNT catalyst, which may be the intrinsic reason for the structure, acidity and activity changes of PTNT.…”

“…from the HAA of 2-MF and n-butanal was carried out at 533 K with a stainless steel tubular fixed-bed reactor described in our previous work [36][37][38]50]. In each test, 1.80 g catalyst was used.…”

“…The HAA (or alkylation) reactions of 2-MF and the lignocellulosic carbonyl compounds were carried out in a round-bottom flask equipped with a reflux condenser and a magnetic stirrer according to the method described in our previous works [36][37][38][39]. Typically, 0.15 g catalyst, 3.28 g (40 mmol) 2-MF (for alkylation test, 1.64 g (20 mmol) 2-MF was used) and 20 mmol carbonyl compound were added to the flask and stirred for 4 h. The reaction temperature was controlled by a water bath.…”

Synthesis of renewable diesel with hydroxyacetone and 2-methyl-furan

“…In the previous work of Corma et al 16 and our group, 22,23 5,5 0 -(propane-2,2-diyl)bis(2-methylfuran) was prepared by the HAA of 2-MF with acetone. In this work, the reactivity of hydroxyacetone and acetone in the HAA of 2-MF was compared at 323 K. Under the same reaction conditions, an evidently higher yield of the HAA product (41.6% vs. 24.7%) can be achieved over Nafion-212 resin when hydroxyacetone was used to replace acetone as the carbonyl compound to react with 2-MF (see Fig.…”

Catalytic Alkylation of 2-Methylfuran with Formalin Using Supported Acidic Ionic Liquids

“…26 In an alternative approach, various diesel or jet fuel range branched alkanes were obtained by the integration of alkylation of 2-MF with different biomass-derived aldehydes or ketones (e.g., butanal, furfural, 5-methylfurfural, acetone, hydroxyacetone, cyclopentanone, and mesityl oxide) over acid catalysts and subsequent HDO catalyzed by supported metals. [28][29][30][31] However, the major byproduct water generated in the alkylation reaction may adversely influence the interaction between the catalyst and the hydrophobic reactants. Based on this view point, a catalyst having an appropriate acidity along with hydrophobicity might facilitate the condensation reaction towards the targeted product.…”