Synthesis of poly(azaalkylene aldaramide)s and poly(oxaalkylene aldaramide)s derived fromD-glucaric andD-galactaric acids

Morton, David W.; Kiely, Donald E.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(20000201)38:3<604::aid-pola25>3.0.co;2-2

Cited by 25 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Only a few examples of poly(galactaramides) being synthesized and partially characterized are present in the literature. Usually, the most convenient method reported for the synthesis of polyhydroxy polyamides from galactaric acid is using galactaric acid esters as starting monomers (Scheme 5b) [168][169][170]. With the aim of avoiding the use of protective groups and favoring a rigorous 1:1 diacid-diamine ratio control, Gambarotti et al reported the synthesis of a new zwitterionic monoamide of galactaric acid to be used as a building block in the polymerization reaction (Scheme 5c).…”

Section: Polyhydroxy Polyamidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embracing Sustainability: The World of Bio-Based Polymers in a Mini Review

Righetti,

Faedi,

Famulari

2024

Polymers

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The proliferation of polymer science and technology in recent decades has been remarkable, with synthetic polymers derived predominantly from petroleum-based sources dominating the market. However, concerns about their environmental impacts and the finite nature of fossil resources have sparked interest in sustainable alternatives. Bio-based polymers, derived from renewable sources such as plants and microbes, offer promise in addressing these challenges. This review provides an overview of bio-based polymers, discussing their production methods, properties, and potential applications. Specifically, it explores prominent examples including polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and polyhydroxy polyamides (PHPAs). Despite their current limited market share, the growing awareness of environmental issues and advancements in technology are driving increased demand for bio-based polymers, positioning them as essential components in the transition towards a more sustainable future.

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Section: Polyhydroxy Polyamidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embracing Sustainability: The World of Bio-Based Polymers in a Mini Review

Righetti,

Faedi,

Famulari

2024

Polymers

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“…A lesser DP of 26 has been reported for this compound prepared by direct reaction of the diamine with dimethyl galactarate. [33] In addition, prepolymer 6h underwent an approximately 50% increase in DP in the postpolymerization process. Prepolyamide (6i), derived from the single arylalkylenediamine employed in this study, had a DP of 9.1, with the postpolyamide 7i showing a small increase in DP to a value of 10.7.…”

Section: Polyamide Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Poly(galactaramides) from Alkylene- and Substituted Alkylenediammonium Galactarates

Kiely

Vishwanathan

Jarman

et al. 2009

Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry

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Polyhydroxypolyamides (PHPAs) represent a class of synthetic polyamides derived from aldaric acid and diamine monomer units. This paper describes the synthesis of some poly(galactaramides), a class of polyhydroxypolyamides, that employs alkylene and substituted alkylenediammonium galactarate salts, with 1:1 molar equivalency of the diacid and diamine monomer components, as precursors for the polyamides. The salts were treated with acid/alcohol and then base in order to initiate the polymerization in methanol. The polyamides, labeled as prepolyamides, precipitated from solution and were then subjected to a second polymerization (postpolymerization) in a different solvent to produce a generally larger polyamide, labeled as a postpolyamide.

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“…Kiely et al studied the condensation of aldaric acids with different diamines comprised mostly of an even number of carbon atoms (16)(17)(18)(19). The synthesis employed aminolysis of activated five-or six-carbon aldaric acid diesters (mono and dilactones).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Complex Mixtures Consisting of Cyclic and Linear Polyamides from EthylBis-Ketal Galactarates

Rosu

Cueto

Laine

et al. 2013

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A

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Bis-ketal-protected diethyl galactarate was condensed with different diamines to prepare sugar-based polyamides. Ketal-protected polyamides, which are soluble in organic solvents, were deprotected with 90% trifluoroacetic acid to yield water insoluble materials. FTIR, NMR, GPC, MALDI-TOF, ESI and TGA techniques were used to characterize the structure and the properties of these biodegradable materials.D-galactaric acid-based polyamides are complex mixtures of cyclic and linear structures. High molecular weight linear polymer formation was limited by competitive cyclization reactions. The percentage of cyclization was highly dependent on the nature of the diamine used. Polycondensation with linear aliphatic diamines favored the formation of macrocycles, identified by MALDI-TOF and ESI.

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Synthesis of poly(azaalkylene aldaramide)s and poly(oxaalkylene aldaramide)s derived fromD-glucaric andD-galactaric acids

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

Embracing Sustainability: The World of Bio-Based Polymers in a Mini Review

Embracing Sustainability: The World of Bio-Based Polymers in a Mini Review

Synthesis of Poly(galactaramides) from Alkylene- and Substituted Alkylenediammonium Galactarates

Synthesis and Characterization of Complex Mixtures Consisting of Cyclic and Linear Polyamides from EthylBis-Ketal Galactarates

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