The synthesis of a series of cavitand receptors bearing increasing numbers of phosphonate groups at their upper rims and of the corresponding Re-based ditopic complexes is reported. The molecular recognition properties of these phosphonate cavitands towards both monotopic and ditopic Nmethylpyridinium salts were investigated. The numbers and spatial dispositions of P=O units are pivotal for the complexation of guest ions. The removal of a single P=O bridge from the parent tetraphosphonate cavitand was sufficient to reduce the association constant by almost three orders of magnitude. Elimination of a second P=O unit completely abol-