Synthesis of novel thin film composite (TFC) forward osmosis (FO) membranes incorporated with carboxylated carbon nanofibers (CNFs)

Incorporation of amino‐functionalized ZnO nanoparticles into polycarbonate/polyvinyl alcohol thin‐film membrane for enhanced water treatment

“…This increase is attributed to the presence of nanoparticles on TFN membrane surfaces. Incorporating a higher amount of ZnO‐NH 2 nanoparticles [ 33 ] caused much higher roughness, implying greater contrast in heights and depths due to the formation of the isolated high peak as well as low valley on the surface of the membrane. [ 21,34 ] Meanwhile, the increase in roughness for TFN‐2 membrane could be due to using more nanoparticles.…”

Construction of facilitated mass transfer composite membranes with triple-layer water nanochannel architecture for forward osmosis process using cGO-coated polysulfone separation membrane as the substrate

“…The concentrations of PEG 10000 and PEG 20000 in the feed and the permeate solutions were measured using a UV-vis spectrophotometer (TU-1901, Purkinje General Instrument Co. Ltd., China) according to the China National Standard (GB/T 32360-2015). First, acetic acidsodium acetate buffer solution (Aa-Sa, pH 4.8), bismuth potassium iodide solution (BiI 7 K 4 ) and PEG aqueous solution (5,10,15,20,25, 30 mg L −1 ) with different concentrations were prepared. Then, 5 ml PEG solution, 1 ml Aa-Sa buffer solution and 1 ml BiI 7 K 4 solution were Environmental Science: Nano Paper mixed in a 10 ml volumetric flask to obtain PEG test solution.…”

“…The support membrane with high permeability is beneficial to improve the water flux of the FO composite membrane. Currently, the main porous substrate materials used for the FO composite membrane are polyethersulfone (PES), 14 polysulfone (PSF), 15 polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 16,17 and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 8 as well as several other polymer materials such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 18 reduced aliphatic polyketone (rPK) 19 and cellulose acetate (CA). 20 Incorporating hydrophilic particles such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), 14 nano titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), 20 quaternized poly phenylene oxide (QPPO), 21 graphene oxide quantum dots 22 and carbon nanomaterial (CNM) 23 into the support membrane can effectively increase membrane porosity and permeability.…”

Thin-Film Nanocomposite Forward Osmosis Membranes Prepared on PVC Substrates with Polydopamine Functionalized Zr-Based Metal Organic Frameworks

“…On the other hand, desalination is one of the most promising solutions to mitigate water scarcity . Among the various technologies, owing to their potential in clean water production and high separation efficiency, membrane-based processes have attracted widespread attention. , Pressure-driven membrane processes such as reverse osmosis (RO) face the challenge of energy consumption and operational costs, while forward osmosis (FO) is one of the most popular emerging desalination technologies due to its low fouling tendency and low energy requirement …”

“…5,6 Pressure-driven membrane processes such as reverse osmosis (RO) face the challenge of energy consumption and operational costs, 7 while forward osmosis (FO) is one of the most popular emerging desalination technologies due to its low fouling tendency and low energy requirement. 8 In the FO process, osmotic pressure generated by osmotic agents in draw solution (DS) and the difference between higher concentration in DS and lower concentration in feed solution (FS) function as the driving force to induce water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from the FS side to the DS side. 9−11 This process requires no energy and is spontaneous.…”