“…Among all kinds of calixarenes, calix [4]arene have been the most extensively studied one as host molecules because of being the most easily modified and arrangeable skeleton with the various reactions such as sulphonation, nitration, etherification, esterification, formylation and also showing the best complexation properties owing to its macrocyclic cavity and electronic features of substitutions [23,[24][25][26][27]. As a result, calix [4] arenes have found numerous applications in a variety of fields, including drug carriers, transmembrane transport, fabrication of metal -organic frameworks, liquid crystals, stationary phases, and organic catalysts [28][29][30][31][32]. This is in addition to their primary use in the design of sensors, in gas adsorption, ionic and molecular recognition.…”