Synthesis of Na2Ti6O13 nanorods as possible anode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries

Substantially enhanced rate capability of lithium storage in Na2Ti6O13 with self-doping and carbon-coating

“…The higher capacity retention for the NTO-C and H-NTO-C electrodes is due to the presence of the uniform carbon layer on the surface of the NTO nanowires, providing mechanical protection and stabilizing the SEI layer at lower potentials. 7,9,34 Moreover, when these electrodes were measured at 1C over 300 cycles (Fig. 5(b)), the H-NTO-C electrode showed a much higher specic capacity (231 mA h g À1 , 95% of initial charge capacity) than the pristine NTO electrode (75 mA h g À1 , 73% of initial charge capacity).…”

“…Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 nanorods were reported by Shu et al through a traditional solid state reaction and reported as anode materials for advanced lithium-ion batteries. 9 The Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 nanorods obtained at 900 C only have a reversible capacity of 58 mA h g À1 at current density of 100 mA g À1 . Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 has been shown by Domiko et al to accommodate up to three moles of lithium per mole of Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 .…”

Comprehensive investigation of the lithium insertion mechanism of the Na2Ti6O13 anode material for Li-ion batteries

“…In that work evolution of lattice parameters in the solid solution range up to the lithium composition x = 1 was presented; however the phase for x > 1 has not been identified so far. Li et al 28 supposed instead a single phase reaction (solid solution) throughout the entire lithium insertion reaction in the 3.0-0.0 V range. However, precise structural information may be missed in Li's study because of the fast cycling rates used during their in situ XRD measurements (discharge in 5 hours, with an estimated poor tdischarge/ tdata collection ratio = 10).…”

Towards a Greener and Scalable Synthesis of Na2Ti6O13 Nanorods and Their Application as Anodes in Batteries for Grid‐Level Energy Storage

“…The performance of the half‐cell exceeds that reported in the literature (90 mA h g −1 at 50 mA g −1 [ 34 ] and 90 mA h g −1 at 12.5 mA g −1 [ 68 ] ). For example, the material synthesized by Li et al [ 38 ] recovers less than 80 mA h g −1 at 50 mA g −1 after 50 cycles at similar temperatures.…”

“…[25,26] Different synthesis routes, notably solid-state reaction and hydrothermal [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] and sonochemical [35] synthesis, have been applied to tailor the structure and morphology of sodium titanates with the aim of improving their electrochemical performance. NTO was produced by solid-state reaction [36][37][38][39] of anatase with Na 2 CO 3 . [36][37][38][39][40] Sol-gel synthesis [41,42] and the soft-template method were successfully implemented by Rudola et al [20] The latter obtained remarkable electrochemical performance at voltages between 3 and 2 V versus Na þ /Na.…”