Synthesis of hydrophobic associative polymers to improve the rheological and filtration performance of drilling fluids under high temperature and high salinity conditions

Sun, Jinsheng; Zhang, Xianfa; Lv, Kaihe; Liu, Jingping; Xiu, Zhuoyang; Wang, Zonglun; Huang, Xianbin; Bai, Yingrui; Wang, Jintang; Jin, Jiafeng

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109808

Cited by 59 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The presence of NaCl compresses the diffuse double layer of the bentonite particles and reduces the dispersion of the bentonite particles. On the other hand, when the salt addition is not high (10 wt% NaCl), there is a “face-to-face” association of the clay particles, which reduces the dispersion of the clay and causes a decrease in the AV, PV, and YP of the BF [ 43 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of PBANM increased the absolute value of zeta potential compared to BF. This is due to the adsorption of PNBAM on the clay surface increasing the thickness of the hydration film of the clay particles [ 37 , 39 , 43 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rheology modifier PNBAM in this study, however, is able to respond effectively to a specific temperature range, with a significant and dramatic response. The thermal behavior of PNBAM is also characterized by a gradual increase with temperature, which effectively compensates for the rheological decline of BF with increasing temperature [ 32 , 43 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Temperature-Sensitive Polymeric Rheology Modifier Used in Water-Based Drilling Fluid for Deepwater Drilling

Wang

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2022

Gels

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Rheology modifiers are essential for the flat rheology of water-based drilling fluids in deepwater. The low temperature thickening of deepwater water-based drilling fluids results in dramatic rheological changes in the 20–30 °C range. To address such problems, NIPAM with a self-polymerized product LCST of 32–35 °C was selected as the main body for synthesis. While introducing the hydrophilic monomer AM to enhance the thickening properties, the hydrophobic monomer BA was selected to reduce the LCST of the product. In this paper, a temperature-sensitive polymeric rheology modifier (PNBAM) was synthesized by emulsion polymerization using N-isopropyl acrylamide, acrylamide, and butyl acrylate as monomers. The PNBAM was characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (NMR). The rheological properties, temperature resistance, and salt resistance of PNBAM in the base fluid (BF) were tested. The performance of PNBAM in the drilling fluid system was also evaluated, and a water-based drilling fluid system of flat rheology for deepwater was formulated. The rheological modification mechanism of PNBAM was analyzed by turbidity analysis, particle size analysis, and zeta analysis. Experimental results show that PNBAM has good rheological properties. PNBAM is temperature resistant to 150 °C, salt-resistant to 30 wt%, and calcium resistant to 1.0 wt%. PNBAM also has good flat rheology characteristics in drilling fluid systems: AV4°C:AV25°C = 1.27, PV4°C:PV25°C = 1.19. Mechanistic analysis showed that the LCST (Lower Critical Solution Temperature) of 0.2 wt% PNBAM in an aqueous solution was 31 °C. Through changes in hydrogen bonding forces with water, PNBAM can regulate its hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties before and after LCST, which thus assists BF to achieve a flat rheological effect. In summary, the temperature-sensitive effect of PNBAM has the property of enhancing with increasing temperature. While the tackifying effect of conventional rheology modifiers diminishes with increasing temperature, the temperature-sensitive effect of PNBAM gives it an enhanced thickening effect with increasing temperature, making it a more novel rheology modifier compared to conventional treatment additives. After LCST, compared to conventional rheology modifiers (XC), PNBAM has a more pronounced thermo-thickening effect, improving the main rheological parameters of BF by more than 100% or even up to 200% (XC less than 50%). This contributes to the flat rheology of drilling fluids. PNBAM has good application prospects and serves as a good reference for the development of other rheology modifiers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Temperature-Sensitive Polymeric Rheology Modifier Used in Water-Based Drilling Fluid for Deepwater Drilling

Wang

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2022

Gels

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“…Pyrene dissolved in the HWG solution was analyzed using the PerkinElmerLS-55 fluorescence spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer, MA, USA). The ratio of 385 nm ( I 3 ) to 372 nm ( I 1 ) was negatively and positively correlated to the volume of the hydrophobic association structure and polarization of the hydrophobic microdomain, respectively . The fluorescence excitation wavelength and emission wavelength range were 335 and 350–550 nm, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Viscosity and Structure Characterization of the 1-Bromohexadecane-Modified Welan Gum in the Saline Solution

Wang

Chen

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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Advanced industrial (e.g., hydraulic fracturing) and environmental demands necessitate the development of natural products with excellent properties. This study developed a new polysaccharide product by hydrophobically modifying welan gum by using 1-bromohexadecane under NaOH catalysis. This is the first study reporting the introduction of a long hydrophobic chain into welan gum to enhance its viscosity in saline solutions. Comparative analyses showed that hydrophobically modified welan gum (HWG) displayed higher solution viscosity (225.58 mPa·s) than welan gum (110.34 mPa·s) with 85,000 mg·L–1 mixed salts. Moreover, the viscosity of HWG solution (20.58 mPa·s) remained higher than that of welan gum (16.39 mPa·s) at 120 °C and 170 s–1 shear stress, with 85,000 mg·L–1 mixed salts. The scanning electron microscopy images suggested network structure formation by inferring the altered surface morphology of HWG after the modification of the original welan gum structure. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that the bands of the C–H and C–O–C associated with the 1-bromohexadecane increased in HWG. The changed molecular structure was confirmed using the altered diffraction bands of X-ray diffraction spectra and the decreased decomposition rate (1.08 times lower) of HWG compared with those of welan gum obtained from thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermogravimetry analysis. The pyrene-based fluorescence analysis revealed the presence of the hydrophobic microdomains of HWG. Our study suggested HWG to be a promising candidate for fabricating highly viscous and saline fluids for hydraulic fracturing fluids and other potential applications and highlighted the vital role of macromolecular structures in determining the functional properties.

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“…The current WBDFs are not suitable for the complex geological characteristics of deep and ultra-deep wells (such as high temperature, high pressure, high stress, high salt content, etc.) [ 7 , 8 ]. Therefore, developing anti-high-temperature and –high-salt water-based drilling fluid technology is of great significance for the safe, economic, and efficient drilling of deep and ultra-deep wells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-Modified Polymer Gels as Temperature- and Salt-Resistant Fluid-Loss Additive for Water-Based Drilling Fluids

Sun

et al. 2022

Gels

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With the continuous exploration and development of oil and gas resources to deep formations, the key treatment agents of water-based drilling fluids face severe challenges from high temperatures and salinity, and the development of high temperature and salt resistance filtration reducers has always been the focus of research in the field of oilfield chemistry. In this study, a nano-silica-modified co-polymer (NS-ANAD) gel was synthesized by using acrylamide, isopropylacrylamide, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and double-bond-modified inorganic silica particles (KH570-SiO2) through free radical co-polymerization. The introduction of nanotechnology enhances the polymer’s resistance to high temperature degradation, making it useful as a high-temperature-resistant fluid loss reducer. Moreover, the anions (sulfonates) and cations (quaternary ammonium) enhance the extension of the polymer and the adsorption on the surface of bentonite particles in a saline environment, which in turn improves the salt resistance of the polymer. The drilling fluids containing 2.0 wt% NS-ANAD co-polymer gels still show excellent rheological and filtration performance, even after aging in high temperature (200 °C) and high salinity (saturated salt) environments, showing great potential for application in deep and ultra-deep drilling engineering.

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Synthesis of hydrophobic associative polymers to improve the rheological and filtration performance of drilling fluids under high temperature and high salinity conditions

Cited by 59 publications

References 38 publications

A Temperature-Sensitive Polymeric Rheology Modifier Used in Water-Based Drilling Fluid for Deepwater Drilling

A Temperature-Sensitive Polymeric Rheology Modifier Used in Water-Based Drilling Fluid for Deepwater Drilling

Viscosity and Structure Characterization of the 1-Bromohexadecane-Modified Welan Gum in the Saline Solution

Nano-Modified Polymer Gels as Temperature- and Salt-Resistant Fluid-Loss Additive for Water-Based Drilling Fluids

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