Synthesis of High‐Quality, Double‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in a Fluidized Bed Reactor

Liu, Y.; Qian, Weizhong; Zhang, Qiang; Gao, Ning; Li, Guohua; Wang, Y.; Wang, D. Z.; Wei, Fei

doi:10.1002/ceat.200800298

Cited by 41 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The excellent retention of its capacitance of the high purity DWCNTs/TWNCTs is similar to that of SWCNTs with high purity [2]. But the relatively higher yield of DWCNTs/TWCNTs [16,28,29] compared to that of SWCNTs [27] made our electrode the low cost for the commercialization.…”

mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Pristine DWCNTs/TWCNTs were prepared by the decomposition of methane over Fe/Mo/MgO catalyst at 850°C in a fluidized bed reactor [16]. Considering MgO support doesn't contribute to the capacitance and the Fe-Mo metals have negative effect on the stability of supercapacitor [18], a multistep method was used here to remove these impurities [19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Carbon Nanotube Purificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2a showed the SEM image of pristine CNT product grown densely on very thin MgO nanosheets [16]. After removing the MgO support by acid washing, the carbon product is dominant DWCNTs and TWCNTs (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Hierarchical carbon nanotube membrane with high packing density and tunable porous structure for high voltage supercapacitors

Zheng¹,

Qian²,

Cui³

et al. 2012

Carbon

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mentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Carbon Nanotube Purificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hierarchical carbon nanotube membrane with high packing density and tunable porous structure for high voltage supercapacitors

Zheng¹,

Qian²,

Cui³

et al. 2012

Carbon

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“…Furthermore, a relative comprehensive study conducted by Liu et al [105] to examine the effects of H 2 concentration on CNTs morphology, clearly emphasize that increase in H 2 concentration leads to larger CNTs in terms of walls number and diameter. High concentration of hydrogen accelerates the sintering of the metal particles and consequently, enlarges their diameters.…”

Section: Carrier Gasmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fluidized bed catalytic chemical vapor deposition synthesis of carbon nanotubes—A review

Danafar

Fakhru’l‐Razi

Salleh

et al. 2009

Chemical Engineering Journal

170

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a b s t r a c tCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are pure carbon in nanostructures with unique physico-chemical properties. They have brought significant breakthroughs in different fields such as materials, electronic devices, energy storage, separation, sensors, etc. If the CNTs are ever to fulfill their promise as an engineering material, commercial production will be required. Catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) technique coupled with a suitable reactor is considered as a scalable and relatively low-cost process enabling to produce high yield CNTs. Recent advances on CCVD of CNTs have shown that fluidized-bed reactors have a great potential for commercial production of this valuable material. However, the dominating process parameters which impact upon the CNT nucleation and growth need to be understood to control product morphology, optimize process productivity and scale up the process. This paper discusses a general overview of the key parameters in the CVD formation of CNT. The focus will be then shifted to the fluidized bed reactors as an alternative for commercial production of CNTs.

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“…The powders in Group A exhibit dense phase expansion at a minimal fluidization velocity, and this state can be maintained over a large velocity range. Agglomerated MWCNTs (Figure 6(c)) [4,62], DWCNTs [63], and SWCNTs [64] have been efficiently synthesized in a fluidized bed reactor. A pilot mass-production project of agglomerated MWCNTs with high yields (15 kg/h) was realized in a fluidized bed reactor in 2002 [62].…”

Section: Low-cost and Large-scale Cnt Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the large-scale production of carbon nanotubes: The practice of nanoscale process engineering

et al. 2011

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanomaterials that have attracted great research interest because of their unique properties and promising applications. The controllable synthesis of CNTs is a precondition for their broad application. In this review, we consider nanoscale process engineering and assess recent progress in the mass production of ultra-long, inexpensive CNTs with good alignment as well as tunability in wall number and diameter for fundamental and engineering science applications across multiple scales. Cutting-edge nanoscale process engineering research in the areas of physics, chemistry, materials, engineering, ecology, and social science will allow us to obtain high added value and multi-functional advanced CNTs. The synthesis of CNTs with controllable chirality, good-alignment, and predetermined sizes and lengths still presents great challenges. Through multidisciplinary scientific research, advanced CNT-based materials will promote the development of a sustainable society. According to the wall number of a CNT, it can be classified as a SWCNT, double-walled CNT (DWCNT), triple-walled CNT (TWCNT), or multi-walled CNT (MWCNT). Because of the covalent sp 2 bonds between individual carbon atoms, a nanotube can have a Young's modulus between 1.2-5.5 TPa, a tensile strength about a hundred times greater than that of steel, and can tolerate large strains before mechanical failure. A CNT can be a metal, semiconductor, or small-gap semiconductor. The state of the CNT depends heavily on the (m, n) indices, and, therefore, on the diameter and chirality. CNTs also possess tunable surfaces characteristics, well-defined hollow interiors, and high biocompatibility with living systems. Based on these properties, many potential applications, including both large-volume applications (such as conductive, electromagnetic, microwave absorbing, high-strength composites; super capacitor, or battery electrodes; catalyst and catalyst support; field emission displays; and transparent conducting films) and limited-volume applications (such as scanning probe tips; drug delivery systems; electronic devices; sensors; and actuators) have been proposed [2]. Controllable mass production of CNTs with the desired structures and properties is essential for future applications. In the past 20 years, arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods have been developed to produce CNTs in sizeable quantities. In CVD methods, the catalytic decomposition of a carbon feedstock into carbon and hydrogen atoms is initiated on an active catalyst surface, where the tubular CNTs grown. CVD growth can be achieved under mild conditions (such as normal pressure

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Synthesis of High‐Quality, Double‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in a Fluidized Bed Reactor

Cited by 41 publications

References 35 publications

Hierarchical carbon nanotube membrane with high packing density and tunable porous structure for high voltage supercapacitors

Hierarchical carbon nanotube membrane with high packing density and tunable porous structure for high voltage supercapacitors

Fluidized bed catalytic chemical vapor deposition synthesis of carbon nanotubes—A review

A review of the large-scale production of carbon nanotubes: The practice of nanoscale process engineering

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