Synthesis of high density aviation fuel with cyclopentanol derived from lignocellulose

Abstract

For the first time, renewable high density aviation fuels were synthesized at high overall yield (95.6%) by the Guerbet reaction of cyclopentanol which can be derived from lignocellulose, followed by the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). The solvent-free Guerbet reaction of cyclopentanol was carried out under the co-catalysis of solid bases and Raney metals. Among the investigated catalyst systems, the combinations of magnesium-aluminium hydrotalcite (MgAl-HT) and Raney Ni (or Raney Co) exhibited the best performances. Over them, high carbon yield (96.7%) of C10 and C15 oxygenates was achieved. The Guerbet reaction products were further hydrodeoxygenated to bi(cyclopentane) and tri(cyclopentane) over a series of Ni catalysts. These alkanes have high densities (0.86 g mL−1 and 0.91 g mL−1) and can be used as high density aviation fuels or additives to bio-jet fuel. Among the investigated HDO catalysts, the 35 wt.% Ni-SiO2-DP prepared by deposition-precipitation method exhibited the highest activity.

Production of cyclopentanone from furfural over Ru/C with Al11.6PO23.7 and application in the synthesis of diesel range alkanes

“…CPO and CPL are versatile chemical intermediates that can be used to synthesize medicines, rubber chemicals and fragrance chemicals, which are applied in pharmaceuticals, fuel energy and materials (Scheme 1). [24][25][26][27][28][29] Traditionally, CPO and CPL are synthesized via the ketonic decarboxylation of adipic acid or catalytic cyclization of 1, 6-hexanediol, followed by hydrogenation. 30,31 Recently, based on lignocellulose, a new route was proposed, in which furfural was converted to CPL with no petroleum compounds as the substrates.…”

Synthesis of C15 and C10 fuel precursors with cyclopentanone and furfural derived from hemicellulose

“…31 Cyclopentanone can undergo condensation with valeraldehyde, 32 furfural 33,34 or itself. [35][36][37][38] It can also react with 2-methyl furan through hydroxyalkylation/alkylation, 9,39,40 generating C 10 -C 15 oxygen-containing compounds, and then the C 10 -C 15 oxygencontaining compounds can be converted into high-density diesel or jet fuel by hydrodeoxygenation. Aldol condensation of cyclopentanone and furfural by sodium hydroxide in solution free system achieved 2,5-bis(2-furylmethylidene)cyclopentanone yield of 96.0%.…”

Production of Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass: Condensation Reactions and Beyond

“…The cyclopentanone so obtained is an important intermediate and can be used for producing jet fuels via aldol-type condensation reactions. 76…”