Synthesis of galactooligosaccharides by Cryptococcus laurentii and Aspergillus oryzae using different kinds of acid whey

Microbial valorization of underutilized and nonconventional waste streams

“…In addition to hydrolytic activity, β-galactosidases can also catalyze transgalactosylation of lactose into galactooligosaccharides (GOS). Galactooligosaccharides are prebiotics with properties similar to the oligosaccharides found in human breast milk, commonly used in infant formulas (Fischer & Kleinschmidt, 2021 ). β-Galactosidases from Aspergillus oryzae, Kluyveromyces lactis , and Bacillus circulans are commonly used for commercial GOS production from lactose (Fischer & Kleinschmidt, 2021 ; Zerva et al., 2021 ).…”

“…Galactooligosaccharides are prebiotics with properties similar to the oligosaccharides found in human breast milk, commonly used in infant formulas (Fischer & Kleinschmidt, 2021 ). β-Galactosidases from Aspergillus oryzae, Kluyveromyces lactis , and Bacillus circulans are commonly used for commercial GOS production from lactose (Fischer & Kleinschmidt, 2021 ; Zerva et al., 2021 ). While these enzymes have been researched for GOS production from sweet and acid whey (Bolognesi et al., 2021 ; Fischer & Kleinschmidt, 2015 ; Mano et al., 2019 ; Simović et al., 2019 ), recent research has begun characterizing similar enzymes from other organisms such as Thermothielavioides terrestris (Zerva et al., 2021 ), Cryptococcus laurentii (Fischer & Kleinschmidt, 2021 ), and Pantoea anthrophila (Yañez-Ñeco et al., 2021 ).…”

“…β-Galactosidases from Aspergillus oryzae, Kluyveromyces lactis , and Bacillus circulans are commonly used for commercial GOS production from lactose (Fischer & Kleinschmidt, 2021 ; Zerva et al., 2021 ). While these enzymes have been researched for GOS production from sweet and acid whey (Bolognesi et al., 2021 ; Fischer & Kleinschmidt, 2015 ; Mano et al., 2019 ; Simović et al., 2019 ), recent research has begun characterizing similar enzymes from other organisms such as Thermothielavioides terrestris (Zerva et al., 2021 ), Cryptococcus laurentii (Fischer & Kleinschmidt, 2021 ), and Pantoea anthrophila (Yañez-Ñeco et al., 2021 ). These enzymes have desirable properties such as greater thermostability, or better salt tolerance and low pH optima, which are especially useful for valorizing acid whey.…”

Aerobic Cultivation of Mucor Species Enables the Deacidification of Yogurt Acid Whey and the Production of Fungal Oil

“…In recent years, scientists have conducted research investigating the conversion of YAW into food ingredients or other resources through various means. For instance, fermentations of YAW have been researched as potential strategies to produce bioderived resources such as ethanol, galactose, lactobionic acid, galactooligosaccharides, and medium-chain carboxylic acids [8][9][10][11][12]. Processing unit operations, including membrane filtrations, have also been studied to convert YAW into whey proteins, milk minerals, and monosaccharide products [6,13].…”