Synthesis of carbohydrate biomass-based furanic compounds bearing epoxide end group(s) and evaluation of their feasibility as adhesives

A Review of Recent Research on Bio-Based Epoxy Systems for Engineering Applications and Potentialities in the Aviation Sector

“…However, some researchers have studied the functionalization of raw furan monomers F and HMF in order to synthesize new epoxy building blocks. This is the case of Cho et al [57], who reported the preparation of furan monoepoxide, 2,5-bis[(2-oxiranyl-methoxy) methyl]-furan (BOF) and bis-furan diepoxide. These monomers were photo-cured using IRGACURE 250 and triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salt (TSAS, 50% in propylene carbonate) as cationic crosslinking agents and their properties for adhesive industry were investigated.…”

Biobased epoxy thermosets from vanillin-derived oligomers

“…Before any analysis, samples were crushed in liquid nitrogen in a mortar and placed in a vacuum desiccator. 13 C and 1 H NMR spectra of the oligomer prepared with a 3/2 ratio of 1.85/1 is displayed in Fig. 4 as an example.…”

“…Another strategy found in the literature consists in synthesizing aromatic epoxy monomers from various biobased aromatic molecules such as furans [13,14], 4-hydroxybenzoic acid [15], cinnamic acid [16], catechin [11,17], gallic acid [18], eugenol [19], vanillic acid [20] and vanillin [21][22][23]. Among them, vanillin and derivatives are especially interesting as vanillin is the only monoaromatic compound currently industrially produced from lignin [24].…”

New vanillin-derived diepoxy monomers for the synthesis of biobased thermosets

“…Their availability and aromatic structure make them good candidates to be used in epoxy polymers even if only few studies report that kind of use. One of these works report the reaction of epichlorohydrin with furan-2,5-dimethanol to prepare the interesting diglycidyl ether product [12]. This epoxy monomer was photo-polymerized with a cationic initiator.…”