Synthesis, characterization, X‐ray structure, DNA binding, antioxidant and docking study of new organotin(IV) complexes

Abstract

Four new diorganotin(IV) complexes, including Me2SnL(1), Bu2SnL(2), Ph2SnL(3) and Oct2SnL(4), were synthesized by reacting R2SnCl2 (where R = Me, Bu, Ph, Oct) with N′‐(3,5‐dichloro‐2‐hydroxybenzylidene)‐2‐phenylacetohydrazide H2L. The synthesized ligand and complexes were structurally characterized by various techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry. The data suggested that tin–oxygen and tin–nitrogen bonds are formed during complex formation, confirming the coordination of ligand with dialkyltin(IV) moieties and the presence of penta‐coordinated structures. The single‐crystal X‐ray study was performed to confirm the molecular structure of complex 1, which revealed that the molecular structure is distorted towards square pyramidal geometry. The compound–DNA interaction was investigated via spectroscopic, electrochemical and molecular docking studies; the mode of interaction found in all cases was intercalative in nature. The complex 3 showed the highest binding ability with sodium salt of salmon sperm DNA (SS‐DNA) (1.93 × 105 M−1). The data obtained for DNA interaction studies from theoretical calculation via docking studies match well with those observed from spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses. Electrochemical and thermodynamic parameters, including diffusion coefficient, ∆H, ∆G and ∆S, were also calculated. The DPPH antioxidant results showed that complex 2 is an active antioxidant.

Synthesis, characterization, and anticancer potential of pyrene-appended Schiff base tin(iv) complexes: experimental and computational insights

“…6–8 Moreover, organotin compounds have demonstrated potential as cancer chemotherapeutic agents, attributed to their ability to induce apoptosis and their lipophilic nature. 9–17 This has prompted significant research efforts towards the design of organotin( iv ) complexes as potential anticancer agents, aiming to enhance their therapeutic efficacy through selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells. 11–18…”

“…25,28,29 This observation has generated substantial interest in exploring triorganotin( iv ) carboxylates as potential anticancer agents. 12,15–18,30,31 Beyond the choice of organotin compound and its structure, structural modifications to the ligand and the nature of its substituents have been found to significantly influence the antiproliferative activity of organotin( iv ) carboxylates. This opens the door to fine-tuning the biological properties of these compounds.…”

“…9–17 This has prompted significant research efforts towards the design of organotin( iv ) complexes as potential anticancer agents, aiming to enhance their therapeutic efficacy through selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells. 11–18…”