Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Stabilized-Ni/Fe Bimetallic Nanoparticles for the Selective Elimination of Chlorate Impurity in Military Grade Ammonium Perchlorate

Abstract

Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is used as the most common oxidizer in composite solid propellants. Control of chlorate impurity in military grade ammonium perchlorate is important, since it has an undesirable effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. In this work stabilized Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles (S-Ni/Fe NPs) were synthesized using the borohydride reduction method (BRM) in the presence of starch as a stabilizing agent, and they were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD). The results showed that the synthesized S-Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles were spherical in shape and had nearly uniform distribution, with particle sizes of 20-50 nm. The prepared nanoparticles were then used for the selective elimination of chlorate impurity in ammonium perchlorate. The main factors controlling the elimination of chlorate, such as the initial pH of the solution, dosage of S-Fe/Ni NPs, initial chlorate and perchlorate concentrations, reaction temperature, and reaction time, were optimized by using an experimental design based on the Taguchi method. An L9 orthogonal array (L9-OA) was used to design experiments with four 4-level factors (3 4 ). Under the optimal conditions, i.e., pH 6.5, at 30 °C and a dosage of 50 mg S-Ni/Fe NPs, chlorate was eliminated with nearly 100% efficiency in 50 mL of a solution containing 2.0 µg·mL −1 and 100 µg·mL −1 of chlorate and perchlorate, respectively, without change in perchlorate concentration.

Antimicrobial action and chemical and physical properties of CuO-doped engineered cementitious composites

“…and Mikami et al . 37 , 38 . On the basis of the data obtained, it was concluded that the CuO sample was characterized by high homogeneity (PdI = 0.089) and that the particle size of the analyzed product was in the range 24–79 nm (see Fig.…”

Degradation of Mononitrotoluene by Electrochemical Method

“…This could be a reason for the observed slower kinetics under Electro-Peroxide treatment of MNT. Under Electro-Fenton conditions, these intermediates form complexes with ferric salt and regenerate ferrous ion which results in higher concentration of OH radicals through fast Electro-Fenton reaction as mentioned in equation ( 5) and (6). As a result of this, MNT concentration decreases at a faster rate under Electro-Fenton reaction.…”

“…Carbon column is used for the removal of toxic chemicals from the waste water 4 and carboxymethyl chistosan intercalated montmorikonite (CMCTS-MMT) clay is also used as adsorbent for the removal of cationic dye from the waste water. 5 Recently a method has been developed for the treatment of the energetic compounds contaminated waste water using zero-valent iron nanoparticles (ZVINs) 6 , Photo-Fenton process 7 and Photo-oxidation methods 8 are currently gaining much interest but involve use of UV light which is hazardous to eyes and skin etc. and also consumes high electrical energy.…”